Psychology – Biological Explanation of Eating Disorders

Psychology Essay The biological approach suggests that AN is due a physical cause, suggesting it could be due to something within the body or brain; such as hypothalamus dysfunction or an imbalance of neurotransmitters. The hypothalamus dysfunction theory would suggest that animals have a â€Å"set weight† which is correct for their body, if this weight should increase or decrease then the body should make adjustments to regulate food intake to their â€Å"set weight†.The hypothalamus is thought to have quite a lot of control over our eating behaviour, the lateral hypothalamus (LH) is considered to be the feeding switch that makes an individual begin to feed whereas the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH) is the satiety switch that makes an individual stop feeding. Garfinkel and Gardner (1982) suggested that a disturbed hypothalamus may be the cause of AN, they proposed that any disturbance could lead to either the LH or VMH to be constantly activated.In order to explain AN it is most likely that when the LH is damaged and that the individual never receives a signal (feeling hungry) to begin feeding, if the VMH were damaged then the individual would receive a constant signal to eat so they would never stop feeding. This supports the idea that AN might have a biological explanation, specifically brain dysfunction.Anand and Brobeck conducted an experiment involving the rats, they found that if the LH was damaged it could lead to aphagia (this is a failure to eat when hungry), this provides support for the idea that damage to the hypothalamus can lead to reduced eating which is support for the biological approach of AN. However, there are some concerns with this as the test was conducted with the use of animals so it’s hard to generalise the findings to humans.This is because humans and animals are biologically different so it’s hard to know if humans would respond in the same way if their LH was damaged. Additional research has shown us th at when the VMH in rats is stimulated that it stops feeding, which again supports the suggestion that possible over activation of the VMH could result in reduced feeding. This research would also support the biological explanation of AN as if an individual has damage to their hypothalamus then it could result in reduced feeding which would then result in dramatic weight loss, as seen in sufferers of AN.However, this theory is reductionist as it suggests that the only explanation of AN is a biological reason, and it ignores other factors; like things such as stress or sexual abuse which can both lead to AN. Another biological explanation of AN would be that there is an imbalance of serotonin, which is usually associated with depression and anxiety; as disturbed levels of serotonin have been found in AN sufferers.It is also likely that eating disorders arise due to high levels of anxiety which is linked with high levels of serotonin in the body. Bailer et al (1970) compared serotonin activity in recovering anorexia suffers and healthy controls. They found significantly higher activity in the women that were recovering from anorexia, the highest levels found in those women with the highest anxiety levels. This also provides support for AN having a biological cause, in this case an imbalance of neurotransmitters.However, it’s difficult to establish cause and effect in Bailer’s research, this is because the women studied were already recovering from an eating disorder and so it’s impossible to know whether the imbalance of serotonin was the cause of the women’s AN or whether the AN causes an imbalance of serotonin, so it’s hard to know whether or not there is a biological cause of AN with these findings. In addition to this the research is also gender biased, in this case it’s alpha biased as only women were used in this study but it’s generalising the study to men as well. Bailer’s research also raises the de bate of determinism vs. ree will. The biological approach is deterministic so if an individual has an imbalance of serotonin they will then develop an eating disorder, however this is ignoring our free will as an individual that exercises regularly will over their eating; this is noted in individuals who suffer from anxiety but don’t develop AN. Finally there is the evolutionary approach which suggests that all our behaviours are adaptive, which means that the reason we do certain things is to help us survive in a certain way; according to this theory AN is a behaviour which helps them survive.The evolutionary approach focuses on our ancestors, when weight loss and eating disorders weren’t a consideration and any weight loss would be a lack of food rather than a desire for â€Å"thinness†. Usually when an individual begins to love weight physiological mechanisms activate in order to conserve energy and increase desires for food, however it would not have been ad aptive for our ancestors to feel hunger as there may not have been much food available to them, so instead it would be adaptive to â€Å"switch off† the desire so that they could then find food; in order to help our survival.Therefore many characteristics of AN can be considered adaptive to enable our ancestors to move to areas where there was more food rather than being preoccupied by looking for food in their current location. However, this theory doesn’t explain the differences of AN between genders, as girls are more affected by AN than boys; so if the behaviour was adapted then both men and women would be equally effected by this as both genders would have had to search for more food in other areas.An alternative approach to explaining how AN would come from the behaviour approach, which suggests AN is the result of learning rather than a biological explanation. This approach suggests that individuals suffer from AN because of reinforcement, so they have witnessed slim people (who become their role models) being rewarded for their behaviour so they imitate their behaviour in expectation of the same reward.

Visual Rhetoric Research

Visual rhetoric is a sort of communication that happens in a test but its happen by the visual images or you can say visual rhetoric is the images you turn into an argument. The term visual rhetoric itself has a lot of things that determine it, when evaluated a visual rhetoric essay you must know the shape, the nature, the color, the architecture, the design, etc. of the image. The most accurate place that use visual rhetoric is the advertisement company and one of the causes is to attract customers. Visual Rhetoric does not necessary need an academic knowledge to understand or to evaluate an image because everyone can evaluate an image by there own understanding of the design. My research show that the term visual rhetoric is broader than I can imagine and to go inside that term, we need a visual literacy process. When I went to https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/691/01/. It is a page that is more focus on the academic world of visual rhetoric, that is why they explain that the term visual rhetoric comes under the words visual literacy and it brings into three categories: Visual Thinking, Visual Learning, and Visual Communication. Through the understanding of visual thinking is the metaphoric thinking, the visualization, the source of imagery, and the working brain, the visual learning is the reading, the design, and the research, the visual communication is the art, media, and aesthetics. When looking at an image, you think first about the image in front of you, then you start to learn about the source, the shape, and the value of what you see, and then you start your argument with the image in front of you. I also learned at the same OWL page section 04 that the visual rhetoric use of images has a lot of impact on the ethos (credibility), the design of an image can determine whether an audience will appreciate your work or take you seriously. That give us an understanding, when using visual rhetoric, we need to thing about our audience and make sure that the color, design, architecture, shape, and the nature of the image is well place in our design. Another source says that the more you know about your audience, the more effective you will be on your message. You must have a purpose and you need to inspire your audience through your visual design. When working to find the purpose, context, and your audience in a rhetorical situation, you need to ask yourself same question. According Kostelnick and Roberts, authors of Designing Visual Language, we need to ask those question; â€Å"Is the message call to action? Is the message intended to inform? Who the message directed to? And What is the purpose of the document and where it will be viewed?† When those questions have a clear answered then your visual rhetoric skills will be very meaningful. According to A Research Guide for Student, â€Å"the term visual rhetoric is closely linked to Semiotics, a science studying signs and meaning.† I learned that a can looking at a same image with someone else and it may mean something different for both of us. This is because we both can come from different culture or society, because of that situation, the author must choose his/her audience very carefully. This page show that visual rhetoric is become more significant everyday because society is contemporary increasing visual, and even if a text does not include any design or image, it still provides a visual image to the readers. Wikibooks see visual rhetoric as an intertextuality. Which work how an image has the same similarity with another image, that give visual a more important aspect to the world we are living in. That wikibooks page see objects in images represent something that we value in our society or something that have a meaning in our culture. They give an example of the American flag, how people see it as freedom in America. The term visual rhetoric varies culture to culture, you cannot judge someone prospective on a design. Red in an image can mean something in one country and mean something else in another country. The term visual rhetoric become more understandable to me because of all that I have learn throughout my research. How one image can have an infinite meaning because of the variation of culture and the way each person can examine the image. I also learn that when designing I need to know who my audience would be because that is one of the strength of visual rhetoric.

MSAT Compare and contrast three old testament kings Essay

MSAT Compare and contrast three old testament kings - Essay Example The first king of the united kingdom of Israel was Saul. Saul was born in 1079 BC, at Gibeah in Judah (History of Israel Kings, n.p). He was a farmer from the tribe of Benjamin, and was not expecting to be king of Israel because he was a Benjamite, the least tribe of Israel, and his family was the least of all the families of the tribe of Benjamin (1Samuel 9:20). Saul was a tall handsome young man (1Samuel 9:2). He was appointed the king of Israel when the Israelites demanded for a human whom they could physically approach and relate to (1Samuel 8:5, JKV). Saul reigned in the period between 1050-1010. David on the other hand was a heard boy from the tribe of Judah the Judah; David was born at Bethlehem in Judah. David was born in the year 1040, when Saul was the king of the united kingdom of Israel (History of Israel Kings, n.p). Just like Saul, David was not expecting to be the king of Israel because he was a little boy, and Saul was still in power as the king of Israel; David was t he youngest of the eight sons of Jesse and he was handsome (1Samuel 16:11-12). King David ruled Israel between 1010-1002. Un like King Saul and King David, King Solomon was raised in a royal environment and he was a prince; King Solomon was the son of King David (1 Kings 2:12). King Solomon therefore was destined to be king of Israel unlike Saul and David. But just like King Saul and King David, King Solomon was from Judah, he was born at Jerusalem in Judah. Solomon reined Israel between the years 970 -931 BC (History of Israel Kings, n.p). Having analyzed the historical background and the beginnings of kings Saul, King David and King Solomon, let us now look at how these three kings of the united monarchy of Israel were loyal and faithful to God. When Saul was appointed the king of Israel, he was loyal to God and God had destined him to liberate the Israelites from their enemies, the philistines (1Samuel 9:15,

Retirement in America Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Retirement in America - Essay Example 6). The point where an individual discontinues his employment completely, which is called retirement, makes one entitled for private or public pension benefits and the notion of retirement in America has changed over the years. In a historical survey of retirement in America, one comes to recognize that the notion of retirement assumed a great impact on America after World War II and it has undergone essential changes ever since. Unlike the earlier days, there is an emergent notion in America today that "retirement is the beginning of a new and busy chapter of life, a time for continued learning and development, skill building, forming new and purposeful relationships, and giving back to the community Moreover, retirement is 'a time to begin a new chapter' in life and that, just beyond traveling, volunteering is what older adults look forward to most during this new stage of their life" (Johnson, 2003, p. vi). Therefore, the notion of retirement in America has changed over the years and the well-being of individuals after retirement is considered as one of the major responsibilities of the state and the government. Significantly, in the contemporary life of the Americans, retirement in America can effectively offer one of the best periods of life through careful and sensible planning. In this paper, a reflective analysis of retirement in America is offered in order to determine how it has changed from the past, how it will change in the future, which all are the major organizations doing to retirement plans for their employees, and whether employees can retire in America at 62, 67, or will they need to be older etc. Retirement in America In the United States, retirement has been a topic of constant changes over the past several decades - including the consequent attitudes of the people towards retirement, the provisions by the law, Social Security issues, the age of retirement, and other crucial aspects concerning retirement. One of the major responsibilities of the social security programs in America has been to ensure that the individuals who have dedicated their service and potential to the growth of the society are offered the best security programs during their period of old age. Social security has traditionally combined the goals of earnings replacement and income maintenance and the American Social Security system has played a major role in financing retirement. "Despite much criticism, the American Social Security system works fairly well, but only if you consider Social Security payments a handy supplement to other sources of retirement income. Many people who were young when the Social Security system bega n in the 1930's placed too much reliance on it and were forced into difficult financial circumstances in their old age because of inflation. By the 1970's the government began a comprehensive program of tax incentives for various other retirement funds. Individual Retirement Accounts (IRA's), Keogh Plans, and 401(K) plans are some examples." (Financing Retirement, 2007). Therefore, the American Social Security system has contributed heavily to the great changes that have taken place in retirement in America and it is possible that further changes in retirement take place in the future. In America, the rise of retirement started more than a century ago, unlike the commonly conceived notion that it was with

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire Essay

Meaning of Dance in Moving Midway by Godfrey Cheshire - Essay Example Traditionally, dance has been the means of communicating amongst the people there as they used this to tell stories about their cultural heritage. It is therefore pertinent to analyze the value of dance as non-verbal communication. Dance as a nonverbal means of communication played very significant roles in Moving Midway. Through dancing in the documentary, people usually expressed their emotions without having to make any verbal communication with other people. The dancers in the movie are seen using their facial expressions, eye contacts, touches and body languages of people to manifest their emotions and let people know how they feel about a particular situation or circumstance (Cheshire, Hinton & Silver). A dance was also a way that the characters in Midway Movie tried to teach the people their rich cultural heritage and historical background. It is clear from the film that dances, which is a non-verbal means of communication breaks language and cultural barrier when it comes to the expression of emotions amongst the people that take place in this dance. The documentary also brings one to the fact that a person’s expression of anger or sadness through the use of dance as a means of non-verbal communication is the same all over the world.

The journey of Irish immigrants surviving Research Paper

The journey of Irish immigrants surviving - Research Paper Example It will not be incorrect to state that millions of people were migrated to America in different cities but majority came and settled in New York because it was the largest city in America. In addition, immigrants came with a hope that they will live in a free country and they had this hope that they will live in their dream America. The reason was that America was economically stable at that time and there were various opportunities to earn money. However, the local people didn’t want to work immigrants in their country and live a better life than them. It was because the local Americans were not able to accept the fact people from other country can lead them and can be better than them. The Americans disregarded Irish people and treated them as poor people2. Irish immigrants wanted to achieve the dream American life like other Americans were having in their homeland. It was the reason due to which they were working hard to get the desired life. Though, it was difficult for them but they were trying hard by focusing on the education and seeking jobs for them. However, they were unable to get their desired life because they were not accepted by the local Americans3. Thoughts above occurred me when I stepped into the Lower East Side Tenement Museum. It looks like a normal old building from the outside. I stood at the outside for a while when the guide described the museum for me. All the Irish immigrants lived in the building and the costumers of the bar on the first floor shared only three toilets. People lived here before had to carried whole baskets of water themselves from the first floor to fifth floor. The basket now was filled with the same amount of weight of stones instead to let me try how heavy the basket was before. It was really heavy, and I knew that I couldn’t even make it to the second floor. Then I got into the room, and almost

Project management- reflection and development Essay

Project management- reflection and development - Essay Example Project management ensures successful completion of a project while meeting the constraints of time, cost and quality. It brings together the resources needed to complete the project which includes the project members’ technical skills, interpersonal capabilities, collaborative efforts, material facilities like information systems, and funding. The main task of project managers is to choose appropriate PM tools to make the project work advance efficiently, assess project information and supervise project team activities (Hill 56). Project management focuses on the completion of the project’s life cycle that includes initiation, planning, execution, monitoring and controlling, and closing of the project. If these main phases are broken down into detailed ones, then, as asserted by Lock (9), the project’s life cycle includes original concept, feasibility study, business plan, risk assessment, public enquiry, authorization, organization, planning, design, procurement, fulfillment, test, handover, economic life, and disposal. Project management makes sure that each and every of these phases are properly dealt with. However, in this report, I will discuss the main phases of project management. Technical and interpersonal skills both combine to take care of project parameters which include specifications (quality), budget (cost), and schedule (time) (Haynes 7). According to Haynes (7), â€Å"a successfully managed project is one that is completed at the specified level of quality, on or before the de adline, and within budget.† Technical skills, which are the project-task-related skills, are a pre-requisite for the project management phases. For the team members and the project member, alongside possessing required educational qualifications, it is important to be fully equipped with the necessary information and guidelines that will lead the project toward completion. Knowledge about the latest tools and equipment, hardware and software, and the

Media Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Media - Research Paper Example Despite the conventional assumption that social media suited the Millennial Generation, it is evident that Baby boomers have adopted social media as the contemporary form of communication. The question relating to the means in which social media has shaped an individual’s life shares almost similar answers from everyone who utilizes social media. As such, it is evident that social media has shortened communication channels, making it easier to reach out to people at low costs regardless of the physical distance. For instance, communicating abroad through mobile networks require additional charges unlike social media whereby all that is needed is a reliable internet connection. The reduced costs of communication that accompany social media have enhanced social interaction among peers. As such, social media has removed some of the inherent barriers to effective communication among individuals who could not afford the extra costs of communicating with people abroad. Social media has been embraced in the business world to enhance the process of establishing a global market. As such, various social media play different role in ensuring that the intended message is communicated as desired. For instance, Facebook and Twitter allow users to communicate in short messages also termed as â€Å"Micro blogs.† On the other hand, Instagram allows users to communicate in form of picture messages. LinkedIn takes a different approach and creates a platform for work professionals to share their profiles. As such, every aspect of social media is differentiated to ensure that the user needs are met without overlapping. The functions of different social media ensure that the services offered are all round, making it a comprehensive communication platform. Social media, being a comprehensive communication platform, has myriad drawbacks besides boasting of numerous benefits. The most evident benefit of social media is

Peter Singer and Garrett Hardin On Helping the Poor Essay

Peter Singer and Garrett Hardin On Helping the Poor - Essay Example I find that both articles are very well written, and as previously stated, both make their point on their issues, though Singer does so in a more antagonistic, provoking manner, while Hardin seems to remain impartial while giving concrete examples to support his position. After reading these two articles, I find myself disagreeing wholeheartedly with Mr. Singer, on the basis that a nation should look within its own borders and fix the problems that plague it from within before even beginning to give aid to any other countries that may be in need. While I agree that there may be a moral obligation to provide aid and assistance, it should first be provided to those that reside within the borders of a given nation, before being provided elsewhere. Mr. Singer is fixated on a situation occurring in Bengal, while providing general evidence that nations capable of sending aid have not done enough to help. However, he fails to provide concrete, quantitative statistics on the nations that he is citing as able to provide aid to Bengal. There is no concrete evidence given to suggest what is happening within the nations that are able to provide aid, and no other examples other than criticism of those nations who choose to build luxury items rather than send aid. For example, Mr. Singer states that â€Å"Australia’s aid amounts to less than one-twelfth the cost of the Sydney’s new opera house.† He further states that Britain, another country able to give aid to Bengal, has â€Å"non-recoverable costs of the Anglo-French Concorde Project already in excess of ?275,000,000.† Yet he does not mention the per capita statistics of these two countries specifically, citing only that â€Å"they are able to give aid†. Mr. Singer also fails to mention that most large projects such as the opera house and transport systems are, inevitably, taxpayer funded over a long period of time. This in and of itself creates a vicious cycle which, again, Mr. Singer does not mention: higher taxes means less money in the pockets of the citizens, which means less to give to others. It seems as though Mr. Singer is trying to make people feel guilty for having luxuries while there are others that do not, which is hardly the basis for any moral argument that one should give money. Mr. Hardin, in fact, says this in another, perhaps more realistic way by stating â€Å"Some say they feel guilty about their good luck. My reply is simple: Get out and yield your place to others.† Just because one has the resources to share, does not mean that they should. It should be the choice of each and every person and/or country if they choose to share, or if they choose to use that money where it is most needed, which may well be within the borders of their own country. Another issue to look at is the fund that is being donated to. Mr. Singer mentions the Bengal Relief Fund. What proof do people have that the Bengal Relief Fund will actually get the money to actually assist others? In 2001, the World Food Program received notice that one million people in Zimbabwe would be â€Å"in urgent need of food aid within a month†; however, the government, after â€Å"holding out the begging bowl†, refused to allow anyone but themselves to distribute that food (LoBaido). The World Food Program would have no way of knowing if the goods that were donated actually made it to the people in need of aid, or

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MT140 Unit 4 Assignment - Research Paper Example 2. Promoting an existing manager is a very intelligent move as the manager would be aware of the business and its policies. Normally it takes time for new managers to adjust to the philosophy and culture of an organization but promoting an existing manager would avoid such problems. It would also be easier for an existing manager to communicate as he would be familiar with some of the location managers (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). 3. The CEO should be making these decisions because the new coordinating manager would be directly working under him. He would be responsible for communicating between the location managers and the CEO so the CEO must choose a person with great communication skills (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). The CEO must realize the importance of the job as it would link him to the rest of the team and should pick the candidate himself based on the qualifications and skills. 4. When the new position is created then it will not change the level of authority for the CEO and the upper management however the middle and lower management will be affected. The CEO would require the location manager to report the coordinating manager and they would have the privilege of directly communicating with the CEO taken away from them. They would not be able to communicate with the CEO on regular basis making them more reliant on the coordinating manager (Samovar & McDaniel, 2010). On the other hand, the coordinating manager will have a greater say in important matter and in some cases even over the senior managers of the

Americas Free

Americas Freedom Essay Two hundred thousand people stood out in front of the Lincoln Memorial Monument on the 28th of August, 1963, lead by the tongues of musicians, artists, poets, and writers rather than politicians and leaders. It was the dawn of a new age in American history, a novel dawn of reason. Mostly young people, who were able to overcome religion, race, sex and all other physical aspects of the human kind stood in search of freedom and liberty, as was promised to their ancestors in the words of the Declaration of Independence. Ever since the great migrations at the beginning of the 20th century, when over 1. 2 million immigrants came rushing in through Manhattans doors in seek of a better life, Americas society has stirred and evolved more than that of any other nation on the planet. It was the harsh economic situation, which followed Napoleons defeat in 1815, and the stench which had foreshadowed the beginning of a new war which had forced the peoples of so many European countries to move out of their homes and settle into a new and more promising land. America was not only a new world in physical means; it was a world which had new, better rules. Freedom had been promised to all who were to step on its lands. Its constitution had spoken in a most loud and proud manner; All men are created equal. Unfortunately, this truth was not visible, even in the cracks and nooks of society. In that time the people did not give attention to problems such as discrimination. In Bob Dylans unpublished notes, he states; It was too cold to be rebellious. The weather had equalized everything. There was not much philosophy; and it was a more simple time. There was simply no idiom, or ideology to go against. However, the first step to fulfilling societys equality was on the horizon, for the first protests for womens equality had begun. It took a whole six decades before women gained the right to vote. The movement had been divided by fighting all until 1848, when pioneer feminists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia Mott had organized the Seneca Falls Convention to push for womens rights, uniting in 1890 under the banner of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. The association later evolved into the League of Woman Voters, which still plays a significant role in the U. S. election process. Overall, the Nineteenth Amendment was the product of nonviolent organized effort of women suffragists, and it was much more than the welcoming of both genders at the poll. It was the beginning of a century long process known as the forming of a new and libelous America.

Death of Marat Essay Example for Free

Death of Marat Essay I love the story of a conversation that took place at an English country house during a dinner party, where the host had just started up the discussion of death and asked the various guests what will happen to them after they die. Some thought about reincarnation and others though about different plains of being, and others thought that they were going to be annihilated. All of the guests had answered the question except for sir Roderick, who was a military type, a very devout man to the church of England where he was also the church warden, chief of the vestry, in the local county of Parish. The lady said â€Å"sir Roderick you haven’t said a word, what do you think is going to happen to you when you die? † oh he said â€Å"I am certain that I will go to heaven and enjoy everlasting bliss, but I wish you wouldn’t indulge I such a depressing conversation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  The polarity of death; It is talked about with such anguish and fright yet portrayed through art as something that represents relief or enlightenment that all together are emotionally wrenching idea’s that have been both subject for artists and served as an incentive for artistic production throughout history, perhaps as much as, perhaps more than, any other subject since artists have dealt with death, dying, the threat of death, escape from death, thoughts of death, and preparation for death through the centuries. For me, death in neo-classicism was the obvious choice because it so strongly reflects the change that was going through Europe at the time, where plagues, revolution and war scattered the common wasteland. Through the age of enlightenment death began to play a different role amongst artists and scientists where the interest in mortality and old age, the decayed body and the anatomical structure layered in lifelessness took new forms. With death came the peeling back of layers, skin, muscles, organs – embalming and mummification, posing the question on whether there is an immaterial soul or whether the body is only a complicated organ capable of immense things. This is something I felt is strongly expressed in the painting that I have chosen. The Death of Marat, painted by Jacques-Louis David in 1793 is a story that relates to the French Revolution, in which a radical journalist, Marat, is murdered in his bath by Charlotte Corday, who believed that his death would end the violence throughout the country. It has been described by T. J. Clark as the first modernist painting, for the way it took the stuff of politics as its material, and did not transmute it(1). However I believe that the painting also allows a portrayal of a philosophical confrontation on the subject of death. Through this essay I will argue how the painting demonstrates the struggle between the polarizations of death through a neo-classicistic point of view. Analysis The painting Death of Marat depicts the death of a murdered radical journalist during the French revolution. Charlotte Corday, the murderer, was a Girondin(2) from a minor aristocratic family and a political enemy of Marat who blamed him for the September Massacre. She gained entrance to Marats rooms with a note promising details of a counter-revolutionary ring in Caen. Marat suffered from a skin condition that caused him to work from his bath. Corday stabbed Marat, who died. She did not attempt to flee, and was later trailed and executed. While the painting is done in a realistic style, it has elements of being idealized, so that Marats death is almost graceful. His head is resting peacefully on the edge of the tub, and despite being stabbed in the chest he is still holding a quill in his right hand with which he was writing a letter, which he still holds in his left hand. This along with the dramatic lighting and overall calmness of the scene betrays the actually brutality of the stabbing. In fact, its a very peaceful painting. You could almost be forgiven for not thinking him dead. The Death of Marat is designed to commemorate a personable hero. David intended to record more than just the horror of martyrdom. In this sense, for realistic as it is in its details, the painting, as a whole, from its start, is a methodical construction focusing on the victim, a striking set up regarded today by several critics as an awful beautiful lie. (3)† To fully understand this artwork there are essentially two aspects to consider: first the style used by David, i. e. Neo-classicism, and secondly the artist’s purpose, i. e. turning Marat into a hero of high moral virtues according to the classical tradition. Neoclassicism as the name says was essentially a rediscovery of classical art from the Greek and Roman time. This style prescribed rigorous contours, sculptured forms, and polished surfaces and was based on ideals of harmony and austerity. By applying such technique, death is glorified and allows further depth for the beholder, which makes the message of the decisive clash of life and death stronger. Marat is dying: his eyelids droop, his head weighs heavily on his shoulder, his right arm slides to the ground. His body, as painted by David, is that of a healthy man, still young. The scene inevitably calls to mind a rendering of the Descent from the Cross. (4) The face is marked by suffering, but is also gentle and suffused by a growing peacefulness as the fangs of death loosen their grip. The significance of this is the inference that Marat sacrificed himself for the good of the people, just as Christ is said to have done. Other religious elements are also prominent, the halo like turban around Marat’s head, and the heavenly light shining upon Marat’s angelic face. The portrayal of Marat in this way contrasts with other accounts describing him. Marat up until the moments before his death was a violent man who totally supported the executions of all those who opposed the government. Marat was once known to have said, â€Å"In order to ensure public tranquility 200,000 heads must be cut off. †(5) It was David’s aim to â€Å"construct images of a secular saint. † David believed that Art must have a social mission (appeal to the beholders moral sense instead of merely giving him pleasure). Art must contribute forcefully to the education of the public. However in a time when violence was so prevalent â€Å"actuality† was replaced by inaccurate images resulting in historical misrepresentations. This was partly due to the fear people experienced, due to sympathies people held. David supported the Jacobins and so this representation is biased, giving only the Jacobins perspective, not at all representing the views of Corday or the Girondins who particularly hated Marat. All reflections in history are biased documents, but that’s another discussion. My interest with the Death of Marat lies within two philosophical notions, dualism and physicalism, Most religious views have a belief in the afterlife and the continuation of living in some other form after life has been completed. For Christians death leads to heaven, or hell to nonbelievers. For Buddhists death restarts the life cycle in reincarnation, the person becoming another living entity in another shape. Death in this piece of art has the power to confront the viewer with their own mortality, their own livingness, in ways that surpass normal emotions. In most modern countries, death is something that is hidden away from people, separated into cemeteries and funerals. Most would agree that death is an inherently bad thing, that living surpasses death in possible everyway. Death in culture has such wide ranging importance between nations and societies that one simple analysis does little justify the range of connotations. Conclusion The theme of death in art has been around for centuries. Death and the last living hours are present in the passion of the Christ, a subject matter that has been present strongly through art’s history. The dramatic use of neo-classicistic art techniques allowed David to capture not just a painting but also a symbolic gesture that death represents. By taking the fundamental pillars of neoclassicism and romanticizing them he was able to gain entrance to a certain presence. If theres ever a picture that would make you want to die for a cause, it is Death of Marat. But thats to separate it from the appalling moment of its creation, the French Revolution. For David, Marat wasn’t a monster, he was a saint. This was martyrdom, and part of David’s manifesto of the revolutionary virtue. When analyzing representations from the past we must recognize motivating factors behind representations. Subsequently we must question representations of the past, such as Davids â€Å"The Death of Marat† and the validity of opposing views. However death is far from being a radically new idea, it contains a wide range of philosophical concepts, depending and varying on cultural differences. The belief that human beings survive death in some form has profoundly influenced the thoughts, emotions, arts, scripts and actions of mankind. The belief occurs in all religions, past and present, and decisively condition the evaluations of man and his place in the universe.

Why Women Should Dress Modestly English Language Essay

Why Women Should Dress Modestly English Language Essay This assignment makes me learn more about the main reasons of why women should dress modestly. In another way, I also learn about writing skill and skills to do research. It also help student in doing research and analysis effectively. Student can learn more depth knowledge from this English assignment. When I do this assignment I know that many women should not dress immodestly. Women wear immodestly will spoil themselves and also the society. If women do not wear modestly, they will cause people to rape them. Other than that, this assignment let me know that reasons of divorce and also let me know that implications of divorce. The reason of divorce is because of the misunderstanding in a relationship in the two person relationship which can also spoil the relationship of the two individual in fact. There are also many implications that can cause the two individual to get involved in the divorce problem. It can also sharpen my thinking skills where the research can also helps me to improve my writing method and skills.. In this research I understand more about the reason of why people divorce and the ways to overcome them.All these are important to improve my knowledge on language, grammar and also the general knowledge. Table Contents page Introduction Women nowadays like to dress immodestly because they think that they should show their body to the others so that people can look at what they can expose especially in the western countries. Some lady from western countries wear immodest apparel but in some eastern countries they do not wear immodest apparel. In the western countries, they never limit how they can wear. On the other hand, women who are wears not modestly can cause a lot of problems to themselves,the society and country. They would just dont care what they wear as long as they are happy, sexy even if it is not comfortable to them. There are also some things all parties can do to overcome this problem. If women dont wear modestly as this will never bring any advantages to them. They should always think of the effects that may cause to them before they think of what they should wear. It is very important for a woman to know what they wear and how they should present themselves to avoid crime cases from happening. They should think in many ways on how they dress can influence their performance and also the image of them.They will need to dress modestly in order to have them not involved in the issues of the country. 2.0 Reasons Women Should Dress Modestly 2.1.1Safety Women can attract rapist and murderer to get near them when they dont dress modestly. They might be in danger because anytime anywhere they might meet the rapist. To stay safe is better for them to dress modestly and for this reason they should know what they should know how to dress to protect themselves. Many of them dont know how to dress modestly and showing too much of their body until they are in danger. They think that they are sexy and they will never care of what others think. What they want to wear they just think and just do it straight away. 2.1.2 Professionalism Maybe some woman may think that they are dressing sexy to present themselves but actually they are wrong. If they dont dress modestly people will have negative thoughts about them and also they will think that they dont know how to dress properly.The way people look at them is very important because this might also relate to the image of the women.People might think that they are prostitutes or doing something not legal. Furthermore, this is important for women who walk on street as there are many people can look at how they dress.They should dress decently to show that they have good moral attitudes. 2.1.4 Staying warm Woman need to dress modestly to cover and protect their body from danger . When they dress modestly they will feel warm and they can avoid from getting molested or sunburn .They should dress modestly to keep their body warm and to show people out there that they cant they are able to protect their body not only to their religion for example muslim wear tudung to cover their neck and they are able to cover their body properly.They should dress because their religion beliefs stated that they will need to cover their body and not to show them to the men. 2.1.5 Setting a good example for others All the young adults follow the way to dress from what they see. When women dress modestly they can show to the young people that this is dressing modestly and that the young people will follow the way the adults dress. Although there are still many people who dont dress modestly when they are on the street. This will bring a very bad image to some citizens with different culture and beliefs. A good example will lead the future generation of people to the right direction and to do the right thing that is to dress modestly. 2.1.6 Respect Women have to dress decently so that people who sees them will respect them as they know how to dress. This is a good thing for them to learn what dressing modestly is all about . On the other hand , this can also bring develop moral behaviors of all the young people. They can just wear modestly when they go out so that people will give respect to them as they are dressing modestly. They will directly get respect because of the clothes as the first thing they wil look at is how the women dress.if they do not dress properly they will gossip about the way they dress. 2.2 Ways to overcome immodest dressing 2.2.1 Talks and campaigns The lifestyle club can organize more talks and campaigns to create awareness to the women on the dangers of dressing not modestly. They can educate them with the correct way of dressing and provide them ideas of what dressing modestly is all about and the importance of dressing modestly when they go out..They can also organize talks in the schools so that they can learn how to dress modestly at an early stage Show them the statistics of crime rate to them from the causes of not dressing modestly. 2.2.2 Rules Government should set rules that to require women to dress modestly. They must limit the type of shirt that they can wear and not let them to wear whatever they want although it is their choice. The government must also fine and give summons to those women who dont dress modestly as this will benefits them and can reduce the rate of cases in the country.As strict as possible they need to set rules on what they can wear which are suitable. They must make them to obey to the rules and follow what they stated to wear. 2.2.3 Parents Parents is very important as parents are the one who buys clothes for them .They ask their children to buy shirts that will never expose their body and look nice. They should avoid their children from buying clothes that will show their body. This is an important role of the parents. When they do this, their children will dress more modestly and people will have a positive thinking as when women dont dress modestly the first one people will say is their parents. The moral education from their parents to their children.Parents should not let their children to buy or dress too sexy. 2.3 Conclusion As a conclusion, dressing modestly can bring benefits to the women as they can be safe, warm and also the image of themselves to the others.These are important as they can avoid many crime cases from happening.There are many ways to overcome the problem which include organizing talks, roadshows and campaigns in schools and to the public. Other than that, they can also dress modestly for their own sake.The image of them is very important which can gain respect of the perspective of how people look at them.Dressing modestly is important to keep the good image of the organization, society, the individual and the country. 3.0 Introduction to divorce The first thing to know about divorce is that it is common and nothing to be ashamed of. According to recent statistics, the rate of divorce in the United States (0.40%) is approximately half the rate of marriage (0.78%). To maintain a perfect relationship, there should be no problem in a relationship.There must be enough understanding between both of them in a couple. This is very important where this became one of the factors that will make divorce happens. Divorce can also happen from many factors which will be discussed in this research report.The rate of divorce is increasing significantly. There are also effect of divorce to many people. 3.1 Reason of divorce 3.1.1 Lack of time Partners might not have time to settle problems in the family as there are too many problems in a family which involves the couple to figure out They might be too busy of their work and they dont have enough time to sit down to clear all the problems. They should spend more time on this to figure out the family problems that occur. 3.1.2 Difference in cultural backgrounds At the beginning, the stark differences in families and friends, and different religious beliefs may seem cute and worth a petty fight. But all it takes is a few months of suppressed ideas and opposing thoughts to wreak havoc in a marriage.Some couples might get different partner from different culture and they just could not understand each other.It is very hard for them to communicate with each other and causes the argue of the couple 3.1.3 Dont understand what each other needs or wants They might not understand each other and at the end they will think that they are not suitable for each other and ended up divorce .This will seriously ruin this relationship. Besides that, sometimes the man cannot give what the woman want for example the money that the womanwants and the man cannot provide her with the enough money.l 3.1.4 Trust Trust is very important between two person in the relationship, do you really trust your spouse? Do you find their behavior suspicious, especially when theyre talking to a friend over the phone? Trust is an important pillar in marriage. If you cant trust your spouse, you definitely cant survive the marriage. 3.1.5 Money Money always has a way of making life better or making life worse. There are only two extremes and no middle ground with money. Are you dissatisfied with your spouses earnings or monetary investment towards the marriage in any manner? This may start off as a nagging thought to begin with, but unless you discuss this with your spouse, you could be heading down the road of divorce over time. 3.1.6 Extra relationship A third party in a relationship will cause divorce. This will happen mostly in men as men will easily get another partner when they feel happy with the new partner. For example when they argue with their wives they will think that they will go to get another one to accompany them. 3.2 Implications of divorce 3.2.1 Children as Victims Most couples normally have children when they get marriage. Accordingly, divorces can directly effect on children. Children living in single parent families are more probably to get pregnant as teenagers, drop out of high school, abuse drugs and have aggressively emotional and behavioural problems, which lead to social problems. Some children decide to go out of their home when their parents separate each other, and subsequently they become homeless children. They do not have good opportunities to find a job due to shortage of education. Consequently, crime may likely be the end result. These are significantly negative effects of recent expansion in divorce rates. 3.2.3 Effect to our nation People will think that the marriage in our country is just for fun and people can marry and divorce anytime they like.In fact the government should set some rules that people can only marry for 2 times. People will think that people in our country are not loyal to love. They love to remarry and get new partner.People will talk bad about our country because the case keep on increasing. 3.2.4 Effect to the society The society will have many crisis because the many issues will appear since there is many people who will become orphan and the will be many criminal will happen. In another way, they will also affect the people in the society.Hence this might affect the whole society because divorce is not a good thing in a relationship.This issue might increase more and more in the future.Many people will suicide when the parents divorce and they think that they have nobody to be trusted. They think that the family is destroyed when their parents divorced. 4.0 Conclusion The rate of divorce is increasing like nobody business. Besides that, this is not a good thing because this will spoil the image of the behavior, attitude and the moral education of the country saying that this is not a good thing. Furthermore, the divorce rate also caused by the people around the country where people like to divorce as they like.Divorce may also caused by the lack of time to understand each other, the level of them understanding each other, financial matters that cause their family couldnt afford their life expenses, the third party which can cause the relationship to end. Divorce may also cause the children to suffer because they will become orphans.Besides that, this will also make the society criminal rate to increase as there many people will do bad things because their parents divorced and no one can teach them about the moral behavior.This will bring a very bad image of a society and country as the image is so important.The way people look at the particular co untry will be very different. Apendix http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/82-624-x/2012001/article/chart/11696-02-chart8-eng.gif Divorce rate statistics

Night :: essays research papers

Elie Wiesel's Night is a true account of what the holocaust did, not only to the Jews, but to humanity as well. People all over the world were devastated by this horrendous act, and there are still people today who have not overcome its effects. An example of the horrible acts of the Nazis that stands out occurs at the end of World War II, when Elie and the rest of the inmates at the Buna camp were being force to transfer to the Gleiwitz camp. The transfer was a long, tiring journey through bitter cold and heavy falling snow. The people were often forced to run during parts of the journey, and if a person was tired or injured he or she are executed. One image of this journey that will forever be in Elie's mind is when Rabbi Eliahou's son left the rabbi for dead so he could survive.The rabbi and his son were running together, but Rabbi Eliahou became tired and had to slow down. As the rabbi slowed down his pace his son continued to run, and pretended not to see that his father was slowing down. This incident forced Elie to think about what he would do in the same situation. Elie decided that no matter how weak his father became he would always be there for him, even if he would die for it.Throughout the novel Elie Wiesel shows the reader how the Nazis broke the spirits of the Jews. This caused Elie to lose his faith in God, as his time in the Nazi camps grew longer. The reader can see this in Elie's father 's confrontation with the gypsy. His father asked a gypsy where the lavatories were, but the gypsy did not even respond to Elie's father. Then the gypsy struck his father in the head, and knocked him down onto the floor. Elie watched the situation and realized that he was going to physically and mentally punished during his time at the camp, and his faith in God could not stop it from happening. Elie did nothing to the gypsy that struck his father although the thought did cross his mind. He decided that if he were to fight back at the gypsy the result would be physical harm to him.The incident that probably had the greatest effect on Elie and the other inmates was the hanging of the pipel.

Smoking Ban - Smoking In Public Places :: Argumentative Essays Research Papers

Smoking Ban Argument Have you ever been in your favorite restaurant and just as you are about to take a bite of your favorite dish, your lungs are filled with a cloud of smoke which has drifted to your table from the smoking section just a few feet away? This is a common complaint of many patrons who enjoy dining at restaurants. While it is true that the smoke from cigarettes causes many health problems, is it fair to take away the freedom of Americans who wish to smoke? Even as compromises can be made on this subject, the majority of people stand by their strong opinions on whether smoking should be allowed in restaurants. Smoking is a simple process of inhaling and exhaling the fumes of burning tobacco, but it has deadly consequences. According to the American Cancer Society, smoking is the most preventable cause of death in America today (Encarta, 2002). Until the 1940?s, smoking was considered harmless. It was at this time that epidemiologists noticed a dramatic increase in the cases of lung cancer. A study was then conducted between smokers and nonsmokers to determine if cigarettes were the cause of this increase. This study, conducted by the American Cancer Society, found increased mortality among smokers. Yet it was not until 1964 that the Surgeon General put out a report acknowledging the danger of cigarettes. The first action to curb smoking was the mandate of a warning on cigarette packages by the Federal Trade Commission (Encarta, 2002). In 1971, all cigarette advertising was banned from radio and television, and cities and states passed laws requiring nonsmoking sections in public pla ces and workplaces (Encarta, 2002). Now in some cities smoking is being completely banned from public places and workplaces and various people are striving for more of these laws against smoking. Most people are aware of the risks associated with smoking and many people who do not smoke are concerned about the risks of secondhand smoke. Even employees in restaurants have a 50 percent higher risk of lung cancer than the general public (Buckley, 2002, p. 63). Also, Harvard researchers found that women who were regularly exposed to other people?s smoke at home or at work were 91 percent more likely to have a heart attack than those who weren?t exposed (Will You Pay, 1998, p.

Women in Afghanistan :: Expository Essays

Women in Afghanistan Women in Afghanistan have been oppressed for many years under the Taliban government. In light of recent events, with the U.S. and Northern Alliances joint efforts to force the Taliban out, key cities have become free from the Taliban’s stifling control. Here is a picture of a women revealing her face for the first time in five years, since the Taliban came into power. The future of the Afghan women is uncertain. Clearly changes are in order, but to what extent we do not know. Conditions certainly could not be worse than those imposed on them in the last five years by the extreme Islamic order of the Taliban. For the past five years women in Afghan have had virtually no rights or freedoms. The impact of the Taliban imposed restrictions was most acutely felt in cities where women had enjoyed relatively greater freedoms. In 1996 the University of Kabul reportedly had several thousand women students while thousands of professional women worked in different capacities in the city. When the Taliban toke over, women were not allowed to attend school and others have been forced to leave their jobs. The Taliban had issued edicts forbidding women from working outside the home, except in limited circumstances in the medical field. Hardest hit were the 30,000 widows in Kabul and others elsewhere in the country, who are the sole providers of their family. Women and girls were not allowed to appear outside the home unless wearing a head to toe garment called the burqa. A three-inch square opening covered with mesh provides the only means for vision. Although the burqa was worn in before the Taliban control, it was not an enforced dress code and many women wore only scarves that cover the head. Women were also forbidden from appearing in public with a male who is not a relative. Taliban militia doles out punishment for violations of these rules on the spot. For example, women have been beaten on the street if an inch of ankle shows under their burqa. They have been beaten if they are found to move about without an explanation acceptable to the Taliban. They have been beaten if they make noise when they walk. According to one report, a women struggling with two small children and groceries in her arms was reportedly beaten by the Taliban with a car antenna because she had let her face covering slip of f her face for a moment. Women in Afghanistan :: Expository Essays Women in Afghanistan Women in Afghanistan have been oppressed for many years under the Taliban government. In light of recent events, with the U.S. and Northern Alliances joint efforts to force the Taliban out, key cities have become free from the Taliban’s stifling control. Here is a picture of a women revealing her face for the first time in five years, since the Taliban came into power. The future of the Afghan women is uncertain. Clearly changes are in order, but to what extent we do not know. Conditions certainly could not be worse than those imposed on them in the last five years by the extreme Islamic order of the Taliban. For the past five years women in Afghan have had virtually no rights or freedoms. The impact of the Taliban imposed restrictions was most acutely felt in cities where women had enjoyed relatively greater freedoms. In 1996 the University of Kabul reportedly had several thousand women students while thousands of professional women worked in different capacities in the city. When the Taliban toke over, women were not allowed to attend school and others have been forced to leave their jobs. The Taliban had issued edicts forbidding women from working outside the home, except in limited circumstances in the medical field. Hardest hit were the 30,000 widows in Kabul and others elsewhere in the country, who are the sole providers of their family. Women and girls were not allowed to appear outside the home unless wearing a head to toe garment called the burqa. A three-inch square opening covered with mesh provides the only means for vision. Although the burqa was worn in before the Taliban control, it was not an enforced dress code and many women wore only scarves that cover the head. Women were also forbidden from appearing in public with a male who is not a relative. Taliban militia doles out punishment for violations of these rules on the spot. For example, women have been beaten on the street if an inch of ankle shows under their burqa. They have been beaten if they are found to move about without an explanation acceptable to the Taliban. They have been beaten if they make noise when they walk. According to one report, a women struggling with two small children and groceries in her arms was reportedly beaten by the Taliban with a car antenna because she had let her face covering slip of f her face for a moment.

Rheumatoid Arthritis Case Study Essay

Skeeter Buck has had 4 years of joint pain with some very severe occasions. He complains of stiffness in his wrists, hands, knees, and feet. The stiffness seems to last anywhere from 30 minutes to 2 hours in the morning. When his joints are sore he is very unstable and feels as though he has no balance. The joint pain does not occur on a regular basis but when it does, he tends to lose his appetite. Medication: Cortisone shot (every 3 months), Aleve, Tylenol Medical History: 4 years of joint pain. Recently symptoms worsened. Family History: Grandmother and mother have rheumatoid arthritis and have had surgery. Grandma had a hip replacement and his mother had a knee replacement. Most of his family is overweight but there is no history of diabetes or heart disease. Social Lifestyle: Married with 2 children and wife is pregnant with their third. Lives in North Bay where he is the manager at a bank. He walks with a cane when his ‘flare ups’ are bad. Lifestyle History: Enjoys playing with the kids. He is as active as he can be without being in pain. He helps coach the hockey team his oldest son plays on. Wife is a dietician and so he eats healthy meals on a regular basis. Risk Factors: He is a non-smoker, regular cholesterol levels, and normal blood glucose levels. Physical Examination General Appearance: Looks healthy, comfortable and has great colour in face. Vital Signs: Blood Pressure = 123/82 mmHg in both arms, Pulse = 72 beats per minute, Respiration= 17 breaths per minute, Mass= 82 kg, Height = 70 in. (175 cm), BMI= 27, Waist Circumference = 34in. Cardiovascular: No carotid bruits, no jugular venous distension, clear lungs, normal point of impulse, regular rate and rhythm, no extra heart sounds, no edema, normal peripheral vascular exam. Skin: no rashes, a bit red, swollen and warm around knuckles on hands and feet. Musculoskeletal: walks slow due to pain, joints on the hands and feet are a bit swollen, does not have a full range of motion in his joints. Neurologic: Normal cranial nerves, loss of fine motor skills in hand, normal sensory exam. Resting Electrocardiogram before Exercise Test: Sinus rhythm, rate= 72 beats per minute, no Q waves, ST or T wave abnormalities. Computer interpretation is normal electrocardiogram. Diagnosis: Rheumatoid arthritis in wrists, hands, knees, and feet causing stiffness in the morning and pain throughout the day especially after more than normal use of the joints. This causes exercise intolerance and fatigue. Plan Complete a standard cycle ergometer test and initiate a training program focussing on increasing exercise tolerance, muscle strength, and range of motion. ** Please refer to following pages for pre-screen and informed consent forms! ** PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Rheumatoid Arthritis Rheumatoid arthritis is a type of inflammatory arthritis and an autoimmune disease. An autoimmune disease is one where the body’s immune system becomes confused and begins to attack its own body. In rheumatoid arthritis the target of the immune attack is the lining of the joints (synovial) and sometimes other internal organs. This causes swelling, pain, inflammation, and joint destruction. Inflammatory cells release enzymes that can digest bone and cartilage causing limited bone motion. This inflammation of joints usually occurs in a symmetrical and bilateral pattern (what happens on one side of the body, happens on the other). Rheumatoid arthritis is also characterized by aggravations and remissions (periods of time with intensified symptoms followed by period of time with reduced symptoms). Rheumatoid arthritis usually begins slowly, starting with only a few joints and spreading to others over a period of a few weeks to a few months. People with rheumatoid arthritis have impaired exercise tolerance. The disease affects flexibility, biomechanical efficiency, muscle strength, endurance, and speed, which contributes to functional limitations. There are three levels of classifying rheumatoid arthritis disease stages: 1. Acute: reversible signs and symptoms in the joint related to synovitis 2. Chronic: stable but irreversible structural damage brought on by the disease process 3. Chronic with acute exacerbation of joint symptoms: increased pain and decreased range of motion and function often related to overuse or superimposed injury. (3) Figure:(12) Signs and Symptoms of Concern (13)You should see your doctor if you experience any of the following symptoms for more than two weeks: Feel unusual pain and stiffness in your joints Pain and stiffness in the morning lasting more than 30-60 minutes before you feel any relief Feel more fatigued than normal Lack of hunger leading to weight loss Importance of Exercise for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients Although people with rheumatoid arthritis may be hesitant to exercise due to pain they experience within their joints, current evidence suggests that a significant amount of disability related to the condition occurs from lack of fitness. By not exercising, muscle strength and endurance begins to deteriorate. This weakens the joint and contributes to accelerating the speed or arthritis. By not exercising you are also putting yourself at risk for other chronic diseases such as coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, and osteoporosis. The American College of Sport Medicine outlines three goals for exercise and arthritis. The goals are: 1) preserve or restore range of motion and flexibility around the affected joints; 2) increase muscle strength and endurance to build joint stability; 3) increase aerobic capacity in order to enhance psychological state and decrease the risk of cardiovascular disease. (8) Although long term effects of dynamic weight bearing exercise on those with rheumatoid arthritis remains unclear, current data suggests that vigorous exercise may be used to improve joint mobility, muscle strength, and aerobic capacity without causing joint damage (except when there is an acute joint inflammation or uncontrolled systemic disease)(8). Those with rheumatoid arthritis should remember that post exercise discomfort should be expected, but activities causing increased joint pain enduring for greater than two hours post-exercise should be discontinued. As previously mentioned, people with rheumatoid arthritis often have little aerobic capacity due to inactivity, but it has been shown to be a safe and beneficial form of treatment for those who are not experiencing acute symptoms. The American College of Sports Medicine suggests that people with rheumatoid arthritis should participate in large muscle activities such as walking, cycling, rowing, swimming, and dance at 60-80% of their peak heart rate or 40-60% VO2max, a rate of perceived exertion (RPE) rating of 11-16, 3-5 days per week for five minute sessions building up to thirty minutes. When working with people with rheumatoid arthritis, it is important to emphasis duration is more important than intensity with goals of increasing VO2max, peak work, and endurance within 4-6 months. It is also important to have at least fifteen minutes of warm-up and cool-down. (8) MEDICATION Although there is no specific cure for rheumatoid arthritis at the present, there are a range of medications available to manage the symptoms to improve the condition. Rheumatoid medications can be classified into different classes such as NSAIDs, Corticosteroids, DMARDs, Biological Agents, Salicylates, and Pain Relief Medications. Your doctor will most likely use a combination of these drugs to alleviate pain and prevent further damage to the joints. NSAIDs NSAIDs or Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs are effective in pain relief and inflammation reduction, but do not serve to protect the joints from further damage. NSAIDs prevent your body from producing a substance called prostaglandins, which is primarily responsible for inflammation and pain. When taken in extreme dosages for a long time, these drugs can produce severe side effects, such as stomach bleeding, gastric ulcers, as well as potential damage to the kidneys and liver. Corticosteroids Corticosteroids suppress the immune system, thus managing inflammation. Although these may be very effective in treating rheumatoid arthritis, they have been said to trigger adverse side effects if used in prolonged periods. Examples of these side effects include easy bruising, glaucoma, cataracts, diabetes, excessive weight gain, and thinning of the bones. DMARDs DMARDS or Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs are groups of medications that serve to inhibit the immune system from damaging the joints, thus slowing further joint damage. Rheumatoid arthritis causes permanent joint damage in the early stages and so it is very important to start these medications right away. The risks for severe side effects are high with these medications. Taking DMARDs for a long time may result in bone marrow and liver toxicity, vulnerability to infections, skin allergies, and autoimmunity. Biological Agents Biological agents or biological drugs function to alleviate inflammation via various methods. An example of how they work is by inhibiting tumour necrosis factors. They also can treat inflammation through eradicating Beta cells. Salicylates Salicylates reduce the body’s production of prostaglandins. The use of salicylates has been replaced with NSAIDs, mainly due to the fact that they caused adverse side effects. Pain Relief Medications While anti-pain drugs neither decrease inflammation nor suppress further joint damage, these medications allow the individual become more comfortable and eventually function better. (2) PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT PROTOCOL To determine baseline levels and the areas exercise is in need of improvement, exercise testing can be used to evaluate the different exercise parameters. Those with rheumatoid arthritis tolerate sub-maximal and subjective symptom-limited treadmill tests that require less than 3 miles per hour walking speed. Early-onset muscle fatigue may limit receiving accurate information. Since people with rheumatoid arthritis may have troubles performing maximal treadmill test, sub-maximal bicycle tests may provide more accurate information without over-stressing joints.

Assessing Your Company for Noble Cause Essay

In the by few years, dramatic remove has been observe in the airs that atomic number 18 creation used for completing a job, as it is not difficult to find and hold great employees in the company. An overall press in workplace determine has been raised, which is a fact, and which, has changed the ways that were used to perform and empty the work by the employees. In this regard, it is rattling important to understand the abovementi geniusd shift, in straddle to build a strong company, plot of land saving on the payroll. most early(a) factors support compete a decisive role in changing the emplacement of these employees, as well as, their values in the company.The trend of global market is ace of the factors, by which, the position of potency of the employees check been strapped securely. In addition, worker empowerment and change in demographics have besides played a crucial role in thrusting so-called k at a timeledge workers in the front seats of the company. T he need of a better work and life commensurateness has also tends the c atomic number 18er to be sacrificed by the employees in this determination. Traditionally, turnover has been stemming by the go of incentives, much(prenominal) as, packagings, raises, and so forth by the companies. However, a more organic crop of incentives has been glum by the human beings resource directors forcefully.Some of the reasons of this change have been the global emulation and wages, which have rise signifi chiffoniertly in the past years. In addition, hierarchies have collapsed and the promotion pool has shrunk in these years. Wise companies forget not let any short downturn alter their efforts to become one of the most desirable places to work as suggested by a West Coast-based memory board strategist and speaker, John B. Izzo. (Withers, 2001) Demographics cannot be changed by the human resource directors. However, the employer-employee power dynamic, which is existence affected by the fourth factor, can be responded by the companies today.Lines are now being drawn in the sand, as an increment has been ascertained in the jeopardize of burnout tenfold by the working of hourlong hours and less untenanted time of the employees. In this regard, a pace of change peculiar in history is being go about by the workers in companies. It has been observed that self- personal identity is being tied up with the work identity by todays workers, as shown in contrasting studies. Instead, work and leisure is being tried to balance with the military service of different ways that are being explored by these workers. In this regard, shifting of the values of these workers has been observed discernibly.The ways are intensifying, which are being implemented by the workers, in array to achieve their personal goals. In this regard, great staff is being found, kept, and act with the care of following strategies Practical situations and offers should be made to the employees wit h the regard to the improvement and enhancement of their work and life balance. A spirit of a deeper cause should be promoted for the employees. divergent opportunities related to the professional development and harvest-feast of the employees should be offered. Employees should be treat desire partners rather than treating them as servants.A association should be created in the workplace, in establish to help workers in their office work, as well as, their homework. Trust should be rebuilt with the workers in every way. Suggestions for Companies An initial assessment has been designed from the following statements regarding the way an organization and its departments are doing in response to the procedures of search for employees with survey of a noble cause. Thinking volition be guided from this assessment, however, no definitive quantitative appraisal will be provided by it. A scale has also been provided to asses the statement regarding your work environment.The deeper meaning of the crossroad or a service has been exposit by a statement of the company. For instance, human life has been improved and preserved, people are made happy at home, etc. (It Yes is the answer, however, it is rare, thus 1 point should be assigned. If the statement is real and applied oft, thus 3 points should be tallied). Company provides opportunities regarding the different volunteerism and community services to the employees. (If the opportunities have been provided by the company, then 1 point should be abandoned. If training and encouragement is pee-peen to the employees, then 2 points should be declaren.If payment is given to the employees who participate in these activities, then give 3 points) . The people are elysian by higher ethics, in order to perform the right thing with the help of a set of values in the company. (If a set of values is in the organization, but it is rarely applied, then give 1 point. If these values have been employed, and ensuring m ethods have been implemented, then 3 points should be given. If such a statement is in the company, but the values are not observed by the company, and it has become a harlequinade for the employees, then subtract 2 points). In the community, a reputation regarding the commitment has been gained by the company with regard to the larger community. (one point) . get are not considered the only way of presenting the results of the company. However, the people who have been impact by the services of the company are often presented during large company meetings. (If these habits are performed by the company, then 1 point should be given. If services are given stronger resource over profits, then 3 points should be given) .

John Knowles novel, A Separate Peace Essay

Gene is intelligent and is at the top of his class.The dangerous much envy Gene feels towards Finny is eating away at his soul and is in no only way healthy for the friendship, or Genes well being. Because of this jealousy, Gene can not fully accept last Finny and his mischevious ways and fears to become inured to the fact that Phineas will always be better then him, all without noticing the breathtaking talents he himself possesses.Knowles displays the friendship as a way to prove deeds that jealousy can not only mentally but physically force only one to do unthinkable and incomprehensible things to another. The professional jealousy Gene was hiding within his walls enventually broke logical and he â€Å"jounced the limb† making Phineas fall from the old tree and break his leg (Knowles 60).Finny free will not hear him though he tries to confess.By more jouncing Finny off of the limb, â€Å"Gene can rid himself.. of the evil within† (Gibson 5). Although ridding hims elf minimal of jealousy, his unkindly act forced  Gene to be plunged into a new more internal world war.

Its currently starting to believe theres a rivalry between Finny and him.Works CitedOnline: Gibson, Lois. â€Å"A famous Separate Peace: Four Decades of Critical Response.† E-article.Kowles, John.Because of the simple fact deeds that Gene and Finnys relationship doesnt demonstrate among these characteristics, they dont have an authentic friendship.An educational movie for kids what follows and following is a brief overview of the way to arrange a productive argument essay.

The characters are believable as how there are a lot of people on the planet which are a literary fantastic deal more intelligent than many others and getting there are people that are more athletic therefore deeds that they are personalities.Finny and a individual calmness receptor what are the characters of a calmness and gene also important functions as the outside reading assignment.So much as the individual pupils are involved, writing a research paper is among the undertaking within how their opinion.It is just a battleground on a scale that is smaller, but has the thk same effect.

Last, the Devon school is a indication of the new earth which has produced a catastrophic war on a much larger scale of competitiveness logical and rivalry.Essays are generally not very long, therefore it is no pleasant surprise that educators would assign a great deal of how them to compose.Any composition written for a thesis is assessed unlooked for plagiarism which might be penalized when the task isnt original.On event the reader wishes Gene would learn more regarding different characters thoughts.

The atmosphere in which the modern business organization

The nimbus in which the unexampled blood government operates is morething which put up trans put in no cartridge holder at only(a). In dirty dogvass constituent powder stores nigh esteem Companies from 2007, and in retrospect, 1987, approximately evoke facts emerge. First, the cardinal magnetic inclinations ar compargond as follows2007 19871. every day cartridge holder galvanic everyday pushs 2. Starbucks Exxon 3. Toyota Motor get over 4. Berkshire Hathaway IBM 5. southwest Airlines Mobil 6. FedEx full general galvanizing 7. apple ATT 8. Google Texaco 9. Johnson & Johnson Dupont 10. admonisher & bump bandThese cardinal propensitys argon characterized by a a couple of(prenominal) democratic divisors first, the veer of juicyness is aroundthing that is universal in the adverts, eventide image they ar illogical by a hug drug of time. The companies that ar in the names, upon just research, be all companies which, date non constant, study been profitable overall. In fact, rough of these companies, just about(prenominal)(prenominal) as carrefour and Exxon, fork over locomote upon k nonty quantify occasionally, and their absolute perplex in the forefront of the exoteric has allowed them to go back from some major(ip) catastrophes, such(prenominal)(prenominal) as cut acrosss plant closings and Exxons Valdez disaster, which close finished the high society. Interestingly, in the 2007 list, a bracing fictional character of corporation, Starbucks advances. It sewer be verbalise that the company is different because a lot of what they trade in is image, and not the tangibles decl argond by self-propelling manufacturers as a apace example.How much of the valuation is henpecked by the favorableness of the company?In the introduce day evaluations, positiveness of the company, of racecourse is a give away element as it has everlastingly been however, the companies of straightaway be evaluated more(prenominal) so on acquit income subsequently taxes as a part of gross revenue for a fewer blusher reasons. First, some of the companies that atomic number 18 rated as elevation companies argon those which offer non-durable products such as Starbucks, for which a measure such as buffet on assets is not the outmatch evaluative tool.How many of these companies inclosely on the roughly value list to a fault face on dowerys new list of The hundred beat out Companies to live For?As a press of fact, leash of the companies currently on the approximately Admired list excessively appear on facts current list of The blow lift out Companies to cypher For specifically, the companies are Google, Johnson & Johnson and Starbucks. base on this finding, in that respect are several(prenominal) meshable theories for the birth mingled with companies organism graded on some(prenominal) lists simultaneously. Obviously, companies that are among the li ft out to bet for go away aim a take of admiration. Moreover, it is likewise apparent that companies that are so esteem will curl the kinds of smart and subject multitude as employees who would be credibly to express fountainhead of companies. Conversely, companies that are not keen to work for are marvelous to be admired. closureIn conclusion, what can be seen in compare popular companies from present and angiotensin-converting enzyme-time(prenominal) is that some firms discombobulate great longevity, some do not, only all give greatness at one time or another.

Hazel

Where did the spi rite religious comm pairing distri ande straddle? Villa maria College chapel service, saviouropher, rising Zealand 2. wherefore did you hold this positioning? I went to discipline at Villa maria College and I had an link with the location. I wish the quaint, teeny-weeny surface of the chapel service service service where the guests matte up parsimoniousness to the join service observance. I chose a Catholic chapel collect to papistical Catholic existence my religious belief. 3. What symbolic re poseations were use in the religious ecclesiastics Supper? What entailment did they sp rarity a penny? Rings- symbolic hold still foration our ceaseless revel that we jumpstart as whizz, spousal relationship practice- egg white homebodies my honour and is a im erect. . How were these symbols substantial In the religious observance for you? The go symbolized for me our complete and freight for the alleviation of our lives, they we re grand as we picked them unitedly. The get matrimonial f ar was finical to me as it was white, it do me observe ravishing and it was conventionalistic. I chose a handed-down conjoin dress, as it is obscure of the Christian ordinance. 5. What was the object of the religious rite for you? Because for us, It was a payload for the comfort of our lives and It meant that we would go far on children In the Catholic conjunction. It correspondently uttered our perpetual chouse for to for to each superstar superstar i former(a). 6.In your opinion, what was the finish of the religious rite? When we verbalize our vows and transfer sound. 7. Did you yield to do e precisething conf employ with the religious rite beforehand the ordinance? Engagement, concur for a certification of military piece and wife, supplying the observance. 8. Did you incur to anything snarly with the rite after(prenominal)ward the service? H angiotensin-converting e nzymeymoon. 9. Which move of the rite were roughly finicky to you? The exchanging of dodges and vows was roughly essential to me. Also, In the eucharist my incur strain, spang veers everything by Michael Crawford because It was coming upon that she recognizes to do and it was e finical(a) as it vie an signifi shadowt gravel conduct of the watching. 0. How did the religious rite variegate you as a soulfulness? I revisiond my compani scarce spot and in that respect felt a truly respectfulness mingled with supporting in concert 1 1 . Who tended to(p) the rite? The hook up with tell a disuniteitiony, family and squiffy relay transmitters. 12. What well-disposed functions did the role players fiddle? My draw sung as state antecedently and my arrive in right and skinny promoter utter a exposement at the watching. My pen up friend was a bridesmaid and my br opposite in truth was the enlist up man. My nieces were blush girls and ne phew was ring beargonr. 13. How was the confederacy convolute in the religious rite?The Villa maria College nuns that lived undermentioned to the chapel, serve uped to put up the chapel for the Lords Supper. 14. What features in the rite displayed your devotion? The untesteds where the interlingual renditions were from, the prayers of the faithful and the hymns. matchless interpreting I chose was Corinthians 13 4-7 as it displays what genuine revel is like. vocal exhaustively good break of day, my observe is hazel tree Faulkner and at once I provide prove a rite of pass, uniting, from the signifier romish Catholic. A ritual is a ceremonial that removes distinct actions, symbols and literature which argon performed accord to a cause order.Rituals atomic number 18 isolated of prevalent look history and pot veritable(a) be as frank as a morning human activity. religious rituals be primary(prenominal) as they dish up plowshareisans get unneurotic with their deity. A rite of release is a ceremony or pillowcase that attach a c atomic number 18en or novelty in persons behavior from one leg to close to other. They overwhelm birth, adolescence, spousal and death. everywhere the years, scholars of religion visit provided slipway to analyses rituals. For example, Arnold cutting edge Genes argued that a rite of line of achievement involves cardin toome degrees pre-lamina, lamina and brand-lamina. sanctified refers to the adherent universe affiliated o or sanctified to their deity.Profane or layperson is the reverse of sacred, it core something or someone is non concern with religion. nuptials is a rite of miscellaneaover and acquire unite is an definitive part of Christians lives. conjugation is a smell outing presbyopic trueness mingled with hubby and wife do in the strawman of divinity. Catholics nearly cede a acceptation slew which involves eucharist and tak es tell in a church. The re modernistical in spousal is organism private to neat one with your bride or groom. Catholic spousals fits approximately fitly into wagon train Genies sit around and Loves tail fin- ill-treat approach.The dissentence of opinion amid a sum and a nuptials is that the mating is the invigoration eagle-eyed loading where as a wedlock For the investigating of a Catholic conglutination the inter receiveee was my mother, work Faulkner. Her role in the rite of musical passage was the bride. come up-nigh of the questions asked were where did the ritual take bug out, what symbols were employ, what signification did they call for and what was the windup of the ritual. The inter go throughees sum took plaza at Villa female horse Chapel in Christopher, tender Zealand. The questions helped to bugger off effectual schooling on the ritual and to let on an individuals view on conjugation.A Catholic espousals has a immediate grammati cal construction. The counterbalance of all of import(prenominal) gene of a Catholic spousals is the espousal advancement. It entangles the bride walk devour the aisle either by herself or with one or some(prenominal) of her p arnts as salutary as the spousal party. The symbol of this component is the pedigree of a miscellanea of posture and youthful life. some other fraction allow ins the readings from the honest-to-goodness volition and untested Testament. The routine of the readings is to draft the splendor of a Catholic tradition and launch the front end of deity in the join clear.The resolving of objective is as well an principal(prenominal) part of the get married. This coif outlines the promises of loading to each other end-to-end the struggles in nuptials. The compassion of peal and exchanging of vows is practically seen as the near authorized part of the get married as the duo expresses the chouse they sh bes for each ot her and the vows symbolism load. Christians imagine during the vows Christ becomes present. My interviewee precept this piece as the cease of the ritual. The dominance of conglutination is the stop where the substitute in perspective is intimately completed.The sign language of the charge is a stately and efficacious realisation of the man and wife and completes the storey f positioning for the bridge. The quoin concludes the ritual ceremony, gum olibanumly the alter of locating is final. As tell before, conjugation fitly fits into vanguard Genies beat. He argued that on that point were three peglegs of a rite of passage, one existencenessness pre-lamina. The pre-lamina constitute is the starting signal academic degree in a rite of passage. It involves the dissolution from the pas de deuxs foregoing life. In a Catholic labor nitty-gritty, the pre-lamina make up involves the bridal procession as it attach a radical of a new locating for the b ride.It in any case involves the firmness of try where the priest outlines the logical implication of brotherhood and its set obliterate in a Catholic context. The lamina exemplify involves transitioning from one period to other and is a lot seen as the to the highest degree essential leg. The lamina full point in a Catholic mating takes dumbfound after the heavy(p) outside(a) of the bride to the end of the exchanging of peal. The grace of theology of ring and exchanging of vows physically tag the change in stance and transition. The post lamina layer in a Catholic spousal relationship is the reincorporation put where the touch is forwardwith ready to enroll ordination with their new experimental condition.The post lamina correspond in a Catholic mating would acknowledge the subscribe of the prove where the straddle omelets their change in emplacement and the receding where their change in status is other sample that is capable to ess ay and relieve the structure of the ritual is Loves quintette- musical none approach. The form includes five hard drink, the first being the first appearance in which the participant leaves the average public and enters the ritual. In a Catholic mating this would include the matrimony party offer and declaration. The cope with is presently booked and candidates for spousals.The succor step is called the proviso in which the agree is heterogeneous in some anatomy of propaedeutic rite. This would include pre- Raritan direction. The ternion is the stop of the ritual, which is the central, or highpoint of the ritual. In a nuptials ceremony, the culmination would be the exchanging of peal and vows. My interviewee concord with this. The forth step includes the solemnisation which would be the conjugal union answer and the one-fifth step is called the pass on where the participants (bride and groom) leave the ritual and overstep to the so-so(predicate) world.The trades meat ceremony all-day sucker separation from the middling or blue-blooded for the duette. The declaration of the dyad as husband and Wife displays that they atomic number 18 nimble from the community as they argon now married. maven particle in a Catholic spousal which reinforces systematic teachings, is the readings. A uncouth reading used is sing 1038 which is a prudent sing. The lord is pitying and gracious, thudding to anger, full in fill in. The contentedness of the psalm is that the Lord is benevolent and merciful. The quatern major(ip) rites of passages ar birth, adolescence, trades union and death.These passages pass on extend whether or non they are admit with a ritual. Although, Christians ingest to mark them with a supererogatory ceremony as they are burning(prenominal) ruinations in peoples lives. The casts by forefront Genes, food turner and love are classical as they help to end down rites of passages to wear out transform them. Catholic man and wife fits ruff into train Genies model as well as Loves. pairing is big to Catholics as it promotes the corresponding love that exists in the hallowed super acid chord and for the reproductive memory of life, a nonher verbal expression that mirrors the Trinity. hymeneals ca-cas a union betwixt spouses.It is a sacrament and an insertion bring into beingd by God. B. write endurance This probe has helped to thrive my familiarity on rituals, rites of passage ND sexual union. I learnt that a ritual can be as unreserved as a morning routine and that in that respect are legion(predicate) varieties of a ritual. earlier the investigating, I had only a plan sense of the models. The investigation helped to develop my acquaintance on the picky models by van Genes and Loved. The models helped me too to mitigate the pre-lamina compass point (separation), lamina stage (transition), and post-lamina stage (reincorporation).Loves m odel involves five steps the entry, facility, climax, solemnization and return. These models are not only used for Christian rituals hardly for track of any religion. The Buddhistic view of sum is considered a profane affair and is not seen as a religious duty. Buddhism jointure is a in-person and social obligation. In Islam, unification is a statutory guarantee and the religion is a affectionate advocate for marriage. Referring to Hinduism, Hindus view marriage as a sacrament. They hand over akin views as Christianity in call of marriage, accept that marriage is a union and Joins devil individuals for life.Judaism similarly has confusable views as marriage is viewed as a coalition commanded by God in which a man and charhood come together to create a legislations in which God is compound. Also, Jewish married straddles are traditionally anticipate to retain children. Australia is a multicultural order and therefore, we adjudge a medley of several(pr edicate) religions such(prenominal) as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism, Hinduism and Judaism and galore(postnominal) others, which are continually ontogeny in Australian society. This mover marriage ceremonies in Australia significantly differ depending on the religion. The participants gloss whitethorn be convey through garb or music.My interviewees conjugal union did not take place in Australia but fresh Zealand. Australia ND refreshing Zealand are very similar thus my interviewees married couple did not significantly differ from a traditional Australian nuptials. In an native Australian marriage ceremony, couples are usually involved in a traditional green goddess ceremony which makes the couple feel cleansed and free, going into the marriage with no bighearted spirits to generate them uncollectible dowery and it is withal performed to create a lifelong amaze between the couple. hymeneals in primary societies is manifold and has stick anthropologists fo r centuries.In a Catholic marriage, the to the highest degree authorised or common symbol is the sound. The peal present a constant broadcast of eternal love. They also represent the union and commitment of the couple. otherwise marriage symbols include the veil, espouse bells, the wedding dress and the bible. Marriage successfully draws participants beyond the normal and into the prodigious as it is does not safe exactly include the man and woman being in love. It is something bigger in which the partners name a special ceremony which expresses the very import of their life together.Even though the initiation of marriage that binds the couple together is undetectable actions such as the stating the vows and exchanging of rings expresses the love and union. Although my speech communication largely discusses the wedding ceremony, the preparation of the doesnt hardly involve getting the wedding dress, flowers, rings and so on Couples are advance to swear out pre -marital counseling which helps them reach for marriage. afterwards the couple is officially married, they whitethorn settle down to go on a honeymoon. Also, the couple may decide that they wish to sop up children, as marriage is essentially the ideal can for the fashioning of children.The investigation was kindle in time embarrassing at times. The most intriguing part of he investigation was decision what the pre-lamina, lamina and post-lamina stages of a Catholic wedding are. randomness on the net profit told me that pre-lamina stage of a Catholic wedding is the engagement, lamina is the ceremony and post-lamina is the honeymoon. However, I precious to demote the stages in the circumstantial ceremony, as it was my main focus. The investigation helped me to let on understand the ideal of a ritual and a wedding ritual. Bibliography Austere, L, What is favourable position and why does it bailiwick?