How to Get Top Ranking for Website

How to Get Top Ranking for Website with the Help of Classifieds? There are alternative ways to promote your product or advertisement of your any need. It doesnt matter whether or not you wish to sell any specific product or you want to buy something. Medium of ads are like radio, TV, paper, magazines, classified sits, etc. however out of that classified sites are the most effective medium to post your ads.Blessings of classified sites are, you can post ads anywhere, anytime and in free price, with content as much as you wish, even you can add pictures, videos too. There are some additional advantages of such classified ads you will get relatively different medium of advertising. even though these classified sites are capable to provide great outcomes to your services, still you wish to understand a way to use them to get the traffic to your services.First of all you need to find out the various classified websites available on-line, out of them make a list of reputed classified sites . you will realize lot of on-line classified websites but solely few of them are exceptionally sensible. you can understand such ebsites awesomeness by checking that these site should be with good navigation, as well as whatever you're going to find there, it should be found in less than two clicks. These sites are having classified options, so anyone will realize related search as soon as possible.These are some hints from that you'll simply verify the classified web site to post free classified ads of your product and services. Once you have got selected the classified sites to post ads you need to understand how to use classified ads for excellent results. 1. Heading of your newspaper advertisement should be nique, interesting, and important, related to your product or services ad so people will not only visit but additionally enquire for your product. 2.Whenever people visit your ad and once you get enquiries, you need to add details about them in info so whenever you have some special offers regarding to your websites you can follow them. 3. Content that you're using for describing your product, it should be distinctive, top quality and specific. 4. Even you can images and videos to explain your ad ex. in case of car selling you post totally different pictures of your car so onsumers will get plan of your ad well.These are some necessary and common tips that facilitate to push your business ad In order to form your business more successful with commercials you'll post your ads through Indiaaclick. com. Indiaaclick is one in all the favored free classifieds in India that helps to boost your business. Indiaaclick classifieds is developed on the basis of SEO techniques thus it helps to extend web site traffic as result you will get high customers for your business. How to Get Top Ranking for Website with the Help of Classifieds By classifiedlac

Accounts 18

Question One(25 marks) Based on module 7 – Budgeting Retail outlets purchase snowboards from Slopes Ltd. , throughout the year. However, in anticipation of late summer and early autumn purchases, outlets ramp up inventories from January through May. Outlets are billed when boards are ordered. Invoices are payable within 60 days. From past experience, Slopes’ accountant projects 20% of invoices are paid in the month invoiced, 50% are paid in the following month, and 30% of invoices are paid two months after the month of invoice. The average selling price per snowboard is $450. To meet demand, Slopes increases production from December through March, because the snowboards are produced a month prior to their projected sale. Direct materials are purchased in the month of production and are paid for during the following month (terms are payment in full within 30 days of the invoice date). Direct manufacturing labour and manufacturing overhead are paid monthly. Variable manufacturing overhead is incurred at the rate of $7 per direct manufacturing labour-hour. Variable marketing costs are driven by the number of sales visits. However, there are no sales visits during the months studied. Slopes, also incurred fixed manufacturing overhead costs of $5,500 per month and fixed non-manufacturing overhead costs of $2,500 per month. Projected Sales: January80 unitsApril100 units February120 unitsMay60 units March200 unitsJune40 units Direct Materials and Direct Manufacturing Labour Utilisation and Cost Unit per BoardPrice per UnitUnit Wood5$30Board feet Fiberglass6 5Yard Direct manufacturing labour5 25Hour The beginning cash balance for March, 2010, is $10,000. On June 1, 2009 Slopes had a cash crunch and borrowed $30,000 on a 6% one-year note with interest payable monthly. The note is due June 1, 2010. Using the information provided, you will need to determine whether Slopes will be in a position to pay off this short-term debt on June 1, 2010. Required a. Prepare a cash budget for the months of March through May 2010. Show supporting schedules for the calculation of receivable and payables. b. Will Slopes be in a position to pay off the $30,000 one-year note that is due on June 1, 2010? If not, what actions would you recommend to Slopes’ management? c. Suppose Slopes is interested in maintaining a minimum cash balance of $10,000. Will the company be able to maintain such a balance during all three months analysed? If not, suggest a suitable cash management strategy. Marking Criteria: Application of budgeting to question 1a 18 marks Application of budgeting to question 1b 3 marks Application of budgeting to question 1c 4 marks Question Two(25 marks) Based on module 8 – CVP Analysis Grace Inc manufactures and sells baby cots. For its 2011 budget, Grace Inc. estimated the following: Selling price $600 Net income after tax $650 000 Variable cost per cot $300 Income tax rate 30% Annual fixed costs $150 000 Unfortunately sales were not meeting expectations. Only 525 units had been sold in the first four months of the year at the established price and cost structure. The net income projection for 2011 would not be reached unless some action is taken. A management committee presented the following mutually exclusive alternatives to the CEO. (a) Reduce the selling price by $60. The sales organization forecasts that at this significantly reduced price, 4050 units can be sold during the remainder of the year. Total fixed costs and variable cost per unit will stay as budgeted. b) Lower variable cost per unit by $15 through the use of less expensive direct materials and slightly modified manufacturing techniques. The selling price will also be reduced by $45, and sales of 3300 units are expected for the remainder of the year. (c) Reduce fixed costs by $15 000 and lower the selling price by 5%. Variable cost per unit will be unchanged. Sales of 3000 units are expected for the remainder of the year. Required: (a) Determine the number of units that Grace Inc must sell (a) to break even and (b) to achieve its income objective using the current price and cost structure. b) Determine which alternative Grace Inc should select to maximise net income. Show your calculations. – Marking Criteria: Application of CVP to question 2a 9 marks Application and interpretation of CVP to question 2b 16 mar ks Question Three Based on module 8 – Costing in an entity(25 marks) Alex’s Fine Art Studio is a company offering art services. The owner Alex Touch has been contacted by the manager of Ruthven Cars Company who complained about the price charged for some art work. On the same day Alex was also contacted by the manager of Books Galore who was delighted with the work and the price charged. Alex uses a cost-based approach to pricing (billing) each job. Currently it uses a single direct-cost category (professional labour hours) and a single indirect-cost pool (general support). Indirect costs are allocated to jobs on the basis of professional labour-hours per job. Professional labour costs at Alex’s Fine Art Studio are $70 an hour. Indirect costs are allocated to jobs at $105 an hour. Total indirect costs in the most recent period were $21 000. The job files show the following: Professional Labour Ruthven Cars Company 104 hours Books Galore 96 hours Assume these two jobs were the only jobs completed in this period. ) – Required: (a) Compute the costs of the Ruthven Cars Company and Books Galore jobs using Alex’s existing job-costing system. (b) Alex asks his assistant to collect details on those costs in the $21 000 indirect cost pool that can be traced to each individual job. After analysis, Alex is able to reclassify $14 000 of the $21 000 as direc t costs: Other Direct Costs Ruthven Cars Company Books Galore Research support labour $1600 $3400 Computer time 500 1300 Travel and allowances 600 4400 Telephone/faxes 200 1000 Photocopying 250 750 Total $3150 $10 850 Recalculate for Alex the costs of each job using the six direct-cost pools and a single indirect cost pool. The single indirect cost pool would have $7000 of costs and would be allocated to each job using the professional-labour hours base. (c) Alex’s Fine Art Studio has two classifications of professional staff: artists and apprentices. Alex asks her assistant to examine the relative use of artists and apprentices on the recent Ruthven Cars Company and Books Galore jobs. The Ruthven Car Company job used 24 artist-hours and 80 apprentice-hours. The Books Galore job used 56 artist-hours and 40 apprentice-hours. Alex is curious as to how each job would have been costed if using separate direct cost rates for artists and apprentices and using separate indirect cost pools for artists and apprentices. For direct costs, the cost per artist hour is $100 and per apprentice hour is $50. For indirect costs, from the total indirect cost pool of $7000, $4600 is attributable to the activities of artists, and $2400 is attributable to the activities of apprentices. You are required to satisfy Alex’s curiosity by computing the costs for each job under this more refined costing system. (d) Complete a comparison of costing under the existing system and that of the more refined system. Which is better and why? Marking Criteria: Application of cost allocation principles to question 3a 6 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3b 8 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3c 8 marks Application of cost allocation principles to question 3d 3 marks Question Four(25 marks) Based on module 10 – Performance management Part A â€Å"Managers should be rewarded only on the basis of their performance measures, They should be paid no salary. † Do you agree? Explain. Part B Bob's Cellular Phone Company uses ROI to measure divisional performance. Annual ROI calculations for each division have traditionally employed the ending amount of invested capital along with annual operating income and net revenue. The Dupont method is generally used. The company's Phone Accessories Division had the following results for the last two years: 2010 ROI = ($2,000,000/$20,000,000) ? ($20,000,000/$10,000,000) = 0. 0 2011 ROI = ($2,400,000/$25,000,000) ? ($25,000,000/$15,000,000) = 0. 16 Corporate management was disappointed in the performance of the division for 2011, since it had made an additional investment in the division that was budgeted for a 23% ROI. Required: a. Discuss some factors that may have contributed to the decrease in ROI for 2011. b. Would there have been any substantial difference if average cap ital had been used? Marking Criteria: Discussion and explanation regarding the extent of use of performance measures. 10 marks Discussion of performance as required in Part B a. 10 marks Explanation required in Part B b. 5 marks General Requirements: 1. Given the nature of the questions there is not specified work limit. However, you are encourage to present your work in a clear and concise manner. You should ensure that you answer the question fully while giving enough information to ensure that the marker can ascertain your objective in your calculations to enable part marks to be given if necessary. 2. Place references for all questions at the end of the assignment not at the end of each question. 3. You can use dot points or tables to help present your answer if you wish. . Assignment extensions will be granted if needed due to medical, work or personal reasons. However, extensions will not be granted for more than one week. This is because I cannot post back marked assignments and solutions until all assignments have been received. It is unfair on other students to delay the return of their marked assignments unduly. 5. You should note that the assignment is bas ed on modules 7-10. I would recommend completing the relevant question each week as it relates to each module. This approach would mean that the assignment would be completed by the due date. Therefore reasons for needing an extension should be extreme. (Sources withheld: Questions for this assignment are taken from other sources. Details of this source have been withheld for assessment purposes. This material is reproduced under the provisions of the Section 200 (1) (b) of the Copyright Amendment Act 1980. ) ACC5502 Accounting for Managers Assignment Two Description | Marks out of | Wtg(%)| Due date | Based on modules 7–10| 100| 20%| 2012| 1. Question| Criteria| MarksAvailable| Question One| Application and understanding of module 7 | 25 marks| | Application of budgeting to 1a) 19 marks1b) 3 marks1c) 3 marks| | | | | Question Two | Application and understanding of module 9| 25 marks| | Application of CVP principles to a practical situation. 2a) 10 marks2b) 15 marks| | | | | Question Three| Application and understanding of module 10| | | Use of costing principles3a) 6 marks3b) 8 marks3c) 8 marks3d) 3 marks| 25 marks| | | | Question Four| Application and understanding of module 11| | | Discussion and application of performance measurementPart A 10 marksPart B a) 10 marksPart B b) 5 marks| 25 marks| Total| | 100 marks| | |

The krishna grace

The Krishna Key centers around Ravi Mohan Saini, the protagonist and a historian who has been accused of the murder of his childhood friend Anil Varshney_ In an attempt to clear his name, Saini looks into the past of Indian Mythology's grey areas and uncover the truth about a serial killer who believes himself to be Kalki, the final avatar of Lord Vishnu. Saini travels from the ancient ruins of the Lost City of Dwaraka to Vrlndavan temples In an attempt to discover one of Krishna's treasures and stop he killer from murdering his friends who are also under the threat.The plot involves different pieces of the seal which must be brought together to solve the puzzle. Each part of the seal is in the possession of four different people who are descendants of Yadava tribes. The tribes are Saini, BoJaraJ, Varshney and Chhedi. The author narrates a detailed version of the post-Mahabharatha history through the protagonist, a distinguished professor of history, who himself happens to be a linea l descendant of Krishna being from Saini tribe of Punjab. The book also contains the author's version of the Krishna Avatar at the start of each chapter from the birth to the death of Vishnu's 8th Avatar.Research[edlt] Sanghi stated that he â€Å"wanted to do a story in connection with the Mahabharata, but not retelling of the epic which has already been done† and undertook a month's research, saying that he â€Å"had to be extremely cautious In dealing with this topic as we put a premium on personal belief and faith† He chose Krishna as one of the book's themes because Krishna is a â€Å"perfectly grey See also[edit] Portal Icon Novels portal Ashwln sanghl The Rozabal Line Chanakya's Chant References[edit] Jump up to: a b â€Å"Ashwin's The Krishna key' is for thriller addicts†.

System safety Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

System safety - Research Paper Example Today, people, organizations, and companies are all technologically advancing, and information technology is a backbone of these advancements. All these technological changes are controlled potentially by a computer, making a computer system the most delicate device in the world, and, therefore, a lot has been done to make computers more reliable and safe by implementing security measures that protect their environs (Leveson 38). These computers are all controlled by systems incorporated in them. These systems have general security measures. Software safety is provided by a complex of security measures against programs that affect a system. It involves recognizing and neutralizing security threats and prevention measures against substances affecting normal operation of computer software. These threats include: It is when software disguised as something else is installed in a system with the awareness of a system manager. The Trojan horses contain either a trigger that sets itself when a specific event reaches or occurs in a system or a back door which allows entry of different users into a system when Trojan-infected software is in use. Viruses constitute the most common threat for a system. They work by replicating themselves and then spreading into a system’s sub-system. Through this entry, they attack and destroy the host system. They attack and consume available resources quietly, overloading a system and finally making it dysfunctional. They work by reproducing and spreading as wide as possible in a system so as to achieve their goal, and they are always developed for only a certain type of system. Worms are primarily aimed at high or large systems to collect data and feed it to unauthorised users. (Storey 27) This happens when malicious websites that support security holes and use them in certain technologies in a network trigger an organizations web browser to do and perform unauthorised

Bacholer of education (birth-5) organisations commuities and Essay

Bacholer of education (birth-5) organisations commuities and communication-literature review - Essay Example a as a whole, closely looking at its road networks and reasons for road congestion before delving into ways to avoid cause of accidents by children including the use of restraints. The capital of the Greater Western Sydney, Parramatta is considered as the region’s business services centre and is undoubtedly quite busy. According to the most recent census conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) the city had a population of 18,448 people. It is therefore inevitable that, just like every other busy city in the world, Parramatta is cumbered with the problem of traffic congestion. People in Parramatta use various forms of transport including; road, rail and water. Road remains the busiest as people cycle while others walk with others travelling by bus. As a result of this exceeding congestion, Parramatta has the slowest commuter times as well as the highest levels of city pollution, eventually affecting family life and the economy as a whole. The particular areas of weakness that greatly accelerate congestion include a shortage of entry points into the city, nine major choke points at the converging points of west-east roads, few full length west east arterial roads (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development 2002). Round abouts are also fairly common in the city hence is another cause of congestion. In general, Sydney’s inner west suburbs are well known for having the worst traffic congestion and Parramatta is one of them. Although accidents are less common, the city is also home to many families hence it is dangerous for children. Currently, Parramatta is going through a development program that will focus mainly on transport within the area to encourage economic growth. Traffic management on all roads in New South Wales, of which Parramatta is part of, is managed by the Roads & Traffic Authority (RTA) but the body delegates its duties to City Council of Parramatta to regulate transport locally. The city council resurfaces roads,

International Trade Operations group project Essay

International Trade Operations group project - Essay Example The United States (U.S) is one of the countries that invest mostly in large scale production of dairy products and is in top ten in the production of dairy milk worldwide. Most of the dairy products in U.S. are exported to other countries, one of them being Egypt. Indeed, Egypt’s relations with the U.S in terms of trade has been very good (Kotschwar & Schott, 2010), and this is evidenced by the fact that Egypt is one of the largest importers of agricultural products including milk and dairy products from the US. This memo will discuss the level of development and economic status of Egypt, fiscal and monetary conditions, imports market status and the general willingness of the country to import Content Cow's products from the US. Level of Egypt Economic Development In Egypt, the ministry of international cooperation and the ministry of economic development are the ones mandated to take control of economic development. In addition, because Egypt is situated around Nile Valley, i ts economic and gross domestic product (GDP) growth rate is always very high. The only problem in Egypt is that, although the economy is very good most of its citizen still live in poor conditions due to political instability. There has been reduction in government revenue in Egypt in the recent past due to slow growth of economy propagated by political problems. Because of this slow growth rate of economy in Egypt, a reform plan was made to stabilize the economy; this was to include free market economy (Knaus, 2009). To begin with, social policies and proper procedures were adopted and put into action to promote economic growth in Egypt. Again, checks and balances were made on demand for money and savings procedures, including developing ands regulating prices of products, and privatization policies of underperforming government institutions. Lastly, the Egyptian government made reforms monetary policies related to local and international trade in order to encourage investment. The introduction of these reforms in Egypt led to economic development, and this can be evidenced by the continued economic growth rate in the recent years. Indeed, the recovery and growth of the economy has made Egypt to enjoys significant international trade with many countries including U.S (Kotschwar & Schott, 2010). This also boosted Egypt’s competitive international energy prices and agricultural products prices. This market-oriented idea, reforms and policies strengthened Egypt economy, albeit under fragile political climate. However, like other African countries, a large population in Egypt is still living in poverty coupled with insecurity, unemployment, and underemployment. Again, there are always heightened protests in Egypt due to bad leadership, corruption cases, lack of political freedom, and poor living standards. This political unrest has been frequent in Egypt and cases of the youth forcing the president to step down was seen in 2011 where president Hosni Mubara k was overthrown from government due poor economic policies as well as lack of political stability and peace in Egypt (Aggour, 2013). In addition, it is important that the Egyptian government should be involved in more economic development and invest more in its citizens, thus enhancing stabilization of the government. Again, political unrest has scarred investors in Egypt; also, poor market and economic growth has placed the

Fundamentals of Communication Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fundamentals of Communication - Essay Example His self concept is bolstered by the amount of success that he attains over a period of time and by the kind of appreciation that the people hold for him in essence. It makes him realize that he is doing something right and hence should be hailed by all and sundry. There is a dire need on his part that the people around him get his message and thus deliver their appreciation back to him. It would raise the bar that surrounds his environments as well as makes him feel elated on most of the occasions. One of the concepts that come about within this discussion center on the premise of bringing in his self identity in close contact with what he aspires to achieve, backed up with the motivational levels that shall make him feel successful at the end of the day. An individual might showcase a number of self identities and concepts that keep on changing as and when the need so arises. What is really required is a vision to set things right within the personality of the individual under cons ideration and thus find the one (self identity/concept) that closely matches with his profile and then go about doing the basics right towards the people at large and the society without any problems whatsoever. The self concept discussion is observable because many different representations are showcased every now and so often by the individual under consideration. This would mean that he is doing his best to tell everyone what kind of successes lie in store for him if he is being his real self and telling to the world about his strengths without any issues. The need here is to contemplate the fact that the self concept will remain detectable without any problems coming to the fore. It would also mean that he is being true to his own individual personality and not representing someone who he is not. If the same happens, his self concept and self identity domains would lose track and hence a totally new personality would emerge on the horizon.

Legal Writing And Taking Question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Legal Writing And Taking Question - Essay Example There are a few issued involved. First: There was no paper contract. All agreements were verbal. Second: Does Don's offer to have Peter's father move in constitute an offer? Did Peter's last statement constitute a counter-offer? An enforceable contract has the following elements: Competent parties, legal subject matter, offer, acceptance and consideration (O'Brien et al, 2005). Both parties here were legally competent. The underlying subject matter, purchasing nursing home assistance, is wholly legal. It is the last three that might be problematic. An offer is simply a proposal to make a deal. There are the offerer and the offeree: Don and Peter, respectively. Any counter-offer made by the other party rescinds this. Acceptance is a communication of desire to accept the offer. Consideration is, effectively, payment, either of money or of services rendered. Finally, verbal contracts have the force of law. However, if a contract is verbal, it has the risk of being difficult to enforce d ue to disagreement as to underlying fact, and some verbal contracts fall under fraud laws, specifically, if they involve more than a certain amount of money and cannot be performed within a given time. Verbal contracts tend to be enforceable when concrete steps were taken to comply with them.  Following the conversation closely, the last statement Don makes is an offer. Effectively, Don offered Peter two weeks to move his father in, after Peter spoke with his sister.  

Online blog research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Online blog research - Essay Example These considerations carry even more weight when we explore the factors that will determine a successful website that markets toys. The complexity of marketing toys on the Internet begins with the target audience. The website offering toys will be visited by young children, their parents, and grandparents. There will be vast differences in Internet capability and a wide variety of tastes. The site should be simple enough to navigate for a 10-year-old child, yet offer the sense of security and trust required for an adult to feel comfortable. The test of 3 websites offered by major toy retailers showed some important differences in usability across age groups. To begin the investigation, we attempted to shop for two toys on etoys.com, toysrus.com, and fatbraintoys.com. These sites were selected by their prominence on the major search engines, which indicate they are probably most selected by consumers. While toysrus.com and etoys.com are for general toys, fatbraintoys.com has a niche market for educational toys. We looked for an erector set for a ten-year-old boy, and a Barbie doll for a ten-year-old girl. While toysrus.com used age brackets, such as 3-4 and 5-7 years of age, etoys.com and fatbraintoys.com listed each age below 8 separately. ... Shopping by department fared no better. On toysrus.com, we looked for the erector set under building sets and retrieved hundreds of different toys. Narrowing the search by age the results were still overwhelming. Simply shopping for an erector set was not realistic. Only on fatbraintoys.com was the erector set a separate category. However, the search for a Barbie doll was much simpler. ToysRUs and etoys had a listing for 'characters' and 'brand', and Barbie was listed as a main category of toy. In fact, toysrus.com had 50 items listed under the Barbie category priced from $10 to $200. The Barbie department at etoys.com had over 100 Barbie items. The site operated by fatbraintoys did not carry a Barbie doll. When the search was narrowed to the 2008 Holiday Barbie doll, toysrus.com and etoys.com had the doll and both were identically priced. All three websites offered toys that were categorized as boy's or girl's toys. Marketing differentiation is a difficult task on the Internet, and will certainly come down to product placement. Shopping for an erector set simply by narrowing the age group or shopping a department would take more time and patience than any child or adult would expend. However, all three sites have an easy to use site-specific search engine. By entering the word 'erector', all three sites returned their selection of erector sets. However, there were significant differences in the results. While etoys.com listed 3 different erector sets priced between $40 and $100, fatbraintoys.com listed 20 different sets in the range of $18 to $90. However, though toysrus.com only listed 8 different sets, they covered the wider price range of from $20 to $300. Clearly, when a consumer is shopping for a

Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay Example for Free

Fire Protection Systems-Bachelor of Science Essay 1. Specifications for a dry pipe sprinkler system in a cold storage warehouse The fire protection system to be supplied based on these specifications is dry pipe sprinkler Related works include electrical installations, walls penetrations sealing as well as the relevant drawings and calculations. To assure quality, all materials designs and works shall be supervised by qualified person (NICET level III certificate). Calculations are to be based on NFPA 13 and no detail shall be left or assumed. Sprinklers shall be availed in elevators and stairwells. The sprinkler performance shall be tested after installation. The new system of sprinkling design should meet all pre-set codes and standards for effective performance. The system components and devices shall be recommended by under writer Lab in ULFPE directory. Minimum experience of the contractor is 5 years. Layout must be supervised by experienced person and quality assurance done by a different qualified person. Submittals shall be done in one package, reviewed and then signed as required. The system drawings with all relevant required information by NFPA shall be provided. Calculations for the system’s remote areas with regard to one critical light hazard and ordinary hazard areas shall be done as requires by NFPA. Relevant compliance certificates shall be submitted. They include certificate of quality assurance, experience, test certificate for contractor and the various respective NICET III certificates. Again, all design and installation documents shall be required as issued by NFPA as well as the contract drawings. The dry pipe system sprinkler shall be piped in accordance with NFIA 13. All valves (control, drain, alarm and check valves) should meet the fine specifications as listed in UL. The sprinkler installed shall UL listed, its location strategic and its temperature appropriate for the room in is installed. Listing of each sprinkler shall be based on the classification of the room in which it is installed. The rooms are classified based on their occupancy. The dry systems switch and all tamper switches have to be linked to the fire alarm control panel as required by NFPA code 71 and 72 (Zalosh, 2003, pp. 166-168). 2. The reasons why a builder or architect might give a sprinkler contractor an incomplete set of contract drawings. There are a number of reasons that have been placed to explain why an architect may end up giving a contractor for sprinklers incomplete contract drawings. First, the builder or the architect may lack the competence in the engineering field. He may not the capacity to make workable designs for fire fighting equipment and for sprinklers in particular. Again, the architect may not have the relevant experience with respect to designing various systems for buildings that are of varying sizes and that may have varying needs for fire fighting systems. Through experience, a builder is capable of easily spotting an incomplete drawing. This is because most experienced architects have customized their expertise by developing check lists for the various requirements that make a contact drawing complete. In case they are in hurry, these check lists can fruitfully assist them in ensuring all important components in a contract drawn for a sprinkler contractor is complete. It is true to say that most architects specialize in designing houses and most leave minimum provisions for structures that are installed long after the house is competed. This is because most architects do not have an idea for what purpose the house they are designing shall be used. The fire fighting systems are installed as the need arise depending on the use for which the house shall be used. Sometimes, although rarely, some architects once they spot errors they had made in their designs, they may distort the designs to cover up their errors and this way, they evade possible blame for such errors (Gagnon, 1998, p. 107). This blame is avoided because it can cause serious impacts on the company contracted to design, given that they are in business and they need to keep their reputation. However, this action is against the requirements of the Code of Conduct for engineers. 3. The response time for the Californian fire department According to the Californian fire control and suppression department, the response time for this department vary considerably. This was evident from the various reports obtained from the department. The response time as discussed here denotes the period from the time when the department is informed about a fire incident through the preparation for take off until the time they reach the fire site. The major explanation given for this difference in response time was due to the various circumstances surrounding each fire break case. This could range from issues like distance, accessibility, appropriateness of the equipment available and the preparedness of the fire fighting crew in the given station. Response time Based on the principles of effective fire control, suppression and management, there is no specified time which can be termed as the ideal response time. The ideal response time is the best time possible within which a crew will get to the burning site and start acting upon the fire, in the given circumstances. For this ideal response time to be gotten there is need of strong spirit of team work from all parties concerned, starting with the commanders at the station to the fire fighters in action (Ammons, 2001, p. 157). Communication has to be most effective and the message about the incidence must be clearly and coherently communicated and information about what, where and when should be precisely given for response time to be as short as possible. Accessibility will be determined by the location of the burning property. Air crafts may be used where the fire is deep in the forests and land vehicles may be used where the site is accessible by road. Response time is usually prolonged in cases where fire is in a slum or where the estate planning was too poor as to allow accessibility in times of emergency. Some times, the planning could have provided for this but poor management of the available structures such as bridges could be the barrier. Generally, an exponential function is the result of correlating the damage caused by fire with the time it takes before suppression efforts begin. This means the more time you take, the little you should expect to rescue. Therefore, it is essentially basic to respond within the first few minutes from the time you receive the signal and the approach should of course avoid panic. The fire should be fought professionally. Although the response time for this department appear to be timely, it is advisable for companies relying on this facility for fire management to install their sprinkler fire fighting systems to avoid any loss that can result to delayed response from the fire department. Although this may not fully content the fire, it can substantially suppress the fire before the crew from the department arrives, therefore preventing total losses. 4. Measure the height of your house from ground level to the highest ceiling. What water supply must be available to supply 35 psi for a sprinkler at the highest ceiling? Pressure A= Pressure B+ Pressure C , Force ‘B’ must correspondingly increase to maintain the equilibrium balance of forces which in turn translates to an outlet pressure rise. Therefore a maximum water supply pressure of 100 psi is required. 5. Actions taken by the fire service when fighting flammable liquid storage tank fires with fixed water spray protection installed and without fixed water spray protection installed. The fire brigade commander professionally and quickly determines the kind of flammable liquid that is burning, its immediate properties such as density as compared to that of water. In cases where the water is denser, it is mostly avoided because it can potentially worsen the situation. The commander expertly and in no time determines the flash point of the burning fluid. If the liquid has the potential of burning when it mixes with air upon ignition, the commander may command the use of water to prevent reaching the flash point of that liquid. When the fire is detected in time, the spraying of water using the fixed apparatus will but not in large quantities will lower the temperature in the room and thus reduce the potential of the ambient room temperature to cause the ignition as this has been known to cause the ignition of most flammable liquids whose flash point is low. It is necessary to close the container from which the vapors are coming from as the ignited vapor can burn back to the liquid, thus resulting to a fatal explosion. In cases where there is no fixed water spray, the portable water sprayers can be used to spray water (but not to pour because the fluid will float on water and even burn more) to the atmosphere and even near the liquid containers to lower the temperature. It is important to assess the risk in both cases by referring to the flammability characteristics of the fluid in question. Again, both cases require a person to first wear personal protection gear such as eye protection equipment, gloves on hands to prevent burning in case you come in contact with the flammable liquid, and also additional protective clothing for the whole body. Safety shield is useful in cases where a potential explosion is most likely or an exothermic reaction is most likely. Generally, the actions done here include the transfer of the flammable liquid to a working fume board if possible. Any potential source of ignition should be completely eliminated (Fitzgerald, 2004, pp. 422-424). Then locate all the safety equipment. Use appropriate mode of alerting the nearby people. The use of water as a fire extinguisher in case the fire has been ignited should not be attempted but instead, the use of dry chemical extinguishers can be suitably used. Alternatively, the use of liquefied carbon dioxide can be effective on these flammable liquid fires. Ask for assistance from the nearby fire facility by calling the emergency numbers. 6. Fire alarm systems in a factory Fire alarms noted in the factory were of various kinds. First, the M-Fire Alarm system which had manual call points. They were placed mostly near escape routes and they largely lacked an automatic way of detecting fire. It mainly relied on a person raising alarm. In case of fire disaster L-Fire alarm system which was designed to preserve life. It could enable non affected people in a factory on fire to safely escape unhurt. It had automatic sensors of a possible fire disaster, beacons and sirens. The third kind is P fire alarm system which is designed such that it can simultaneously protect life of building occupants; protect the property inside and most importantly the building itself by having the ability to automatically dial out the emergency number of the fire brigade. The available fire alarm systems identified could also be classified either as single stage system or double stage system. The single stage system when activated could transmit a signal in the whole building such that all the occupants in the building become aware of the fire danger the soonest possible. The two stage system could first release a characteristic alert signal to all occupying staff. If the staffs confirm the existence of the fire, they activate the alarm signal. In case the component alert is false, the alarm can be silenced and the system reset. According to the fire protection engineer, the M fire alarm system was used because it could serve the whole chain of factory buildings. L fire alarm system was to ensure timely evacuation and that there was no loss of life as a result of inconveniences. The system requires use of fire resistant materials in the factory to avoid fast spread of fire in the factory which is common in most factories. On the other approach to identifying the alarm system in the factory, the two stage system was installed based on the fact that most industrial workers especially those in the offices may panic very easily if they abruptly learn about a fire in the building they are in. This system was seen a necessary measure to reduce the possible effects of false alarms. Finally, the installation of single stage alarm systems in the factory sites where most machines are in operation was based on the idea that the fuel for running the machines could easily catch fire and lead to a very rapid spread and therefore this form of alarm would avoid any form of delay (Gill, 1997, p. 97). The performance objectives of the company in using these systems is to attain fastest response to fire break in industry while keeping the panic associated with raising fire alarms as minimum as possible to the senior management and other support staff in the factory offices. 7. How the first Montreal Protocol agreement has been modified since 1987. The Montreal protocol meant to address the issues related to the production of substances that result to depletion of the critical ozone layer has been modified several times. Since its signing in 1987 by only 25 nations, the membership tally has rose up to one hundred and sixty eight nations as of now. Much of these changes are as a result of more awareness of the effects of the various halogen substances and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer. This has been obtained through intensive scientific research. The major changes in this original protocol were noted in the year 1990 in London, 1992 in Copenhagen, 1995 in Vienna and the most recent was done in 1997 in the city of Montreal. The amendments were made to speed up the withdrawal and abstinence from the production of substances that deplete the ozone layer. First, the production and the use of halogen matter have a phase-out completely on the first day of January, 1994. Exactly two years later, the production and use of other ozone depleting substances was phased out. These substances include CFCs, tetra chlorides of carbon, methyl chloroform and others like complex compounds of hydrogen, bromine, fluorine and carbon (hydrobromofluorocarbons). It is important to note that some companies in certain nations were exempted from the above discussed bans while compounds of H, Cl, F and carbon are to be phased by the year 2020. As more knowledge continue to be obtained from scientific research, the current ozone depleting potentials of various substances shall continue to reviewed from time to time and the best standards shall be used. The Montreal Protocol has resulted to a decline of chlorinated hydrocarbons while the controlled use of hydrocarbons has resulted to leveled trend in emission levels. They have been predicted to begin declining by 2020 (Newton, 1995, p. 1). 8. Aqueous and non-aqueous agents are employed by the Californian fire service, Aqueous agents used First, the most commonly used aqueous substance in fire fighting is water itself. It can either be pure or salty but mostly pure water is rarely used. Ice has been sparingly used but it is effective in keeping room temperature low below the flash point of most flammable liquids. However, an array of hydrated chemicals has been developed for use in the fire fighting exercise. Most of the agents that are used in this chemical formulations include chlorinated metaxylenol, some forms of Urea, heteropolysaccharide-7 substance, aqueous solution of equal amount of sodium decylsulfate and sodium octylsulfate (both used in equal amounts in terms of their molar masses, other compounds like monobutyl ether made of diethylene glycol as well as the hydrated form of isopropyl mixture. Other chemicals used may vary narrowly from this typical composition to contain fewer compounds than these or include a few more compounds such as ammonia and magnesium sulfate. Non aqueous agents used The most commonly used non water agents in fighting fire in this fire service was Liquefied carbon dioxide which is packed in sturdy metallic cylinders and let out through some nozzles at the top of the cylinders. It is popularly known for its effectiveness in fighting and suppressing fires on flammable liquid tanks and containers. It acts by cutting off the oxygen supply from the atmosphere by forming a blanket like layer over the fire. In additions, these kinds of fires can also be handled by the use of dry chemical extinguishers. Fire beaters are commonly used in the grassland wildfires in California and they are used by trained fire beating crew who must wear appropriate garments and gears that are not only resistant to the fire itself but also protective from the painful burning characteristic of open-fire fighting. The criteria for determining the kind of agent to be used is based on the kind of fire (in the open or in a building), the kind of material burning (flammable liquid or wood or plastic or any other) and also on the resources available. Curbed fires can be suppressed by adequate water spray while fire from a fuel tank can be suppressed by used of liquid carbon dioxide. The agent selected should be the most appropriate under the prevailing conditions (Schwartz Perry, 2007, p. 334). 9. Gift from a client or other person with whom one has a professional relationship, which must be reported to an employer, those if accepted could create a conflict of interest and state the justification. a. A pen with promotional advertising on it. It should be reported because if kept as a secret, other parties with similar interest as this client may see this as a campaign for this particular client’s company. b. A promotional videotape- it should be reported but it has no potential for causing conflict of interest. Reporting will allow for analyzing of the message in the tape and whether it is acceptable or not. c. A book of engineering data – this should be reported because the information contained in this book has not been established to be in conformity with the applicable standards for engineering. If not reported, it can cause a conflict of interest because if an engineer beliefs in the data, he is likely to have conflicts with others who use the preset standards. d. An engraved briefcase – it should also be reported because the material used to make it may be unsafe. Since briefcases are carried at work, the engraved briefcase may act as a source of irradiations which can potentially form a source of ignition for liquids with low splash points. e. A car – This should be reported because if not reported, it may be perceived as a reward for favor done before which is not acceptable according to the engineering code of ethics. This client may also be malicious and implant explosive materials in the car, and set it to explode when parked near the factory. Reporting will give room for inspection to avoid such terrorism minded clients or persons. f. A calendar- This should not be reported and cannot be a source of conflict if reported because it does not feature any where within the codes of ethics. However, if it contains advertisements of a company with which you have business relations, it should be reported because it has the potential of influencing the decisions of the engineer and may be seen as unfair by other companies with which you have similar business ties. g. A sterling silver pen with your name engraved on it- it should not be accepted if the person is involved in fraudulent enterprise as stipulated in the Rules of Practice number 1d. The engraved material may be radioactive and thus form a hazard especially when working in factories with highly flammable liquid tanks. h. An encyclopedia. This should be accepted and never reported because it has general information and the information contained is usually standardized and can be believed to be true. In case it is not reliable, the publisher can be held responsible (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). 10. About an article related to unethical conduct The article is about a company that was involved in corrupt tendering process. The way it obtained road construction tenders was questionable by its competitors. This unethical engineering conduct has led to several impacts. First, there has been pressure from the other registered road constructors to de-register this constructor and soon, this individual company may be out of business. The engineers directly involved in the scandal may as well be deregistered. Since this has been highlighted by the press, the whole society may lose the trust they had on the engineering society unless a stern action is taken. This is against the professionalism of engineering and it is ‘staining’ the profession. This act is against the code of conduct for engineers since they are required to execute their duties honestly. The law also requires them to conduct themselves honorably and ethically and always act within the law. This is meant to retain the reputation and most importantly the usefulness of the profession. The ethical actions that should be taken against the perpetrators of this act include appearing for questioning to prove the misconduct, and if found guilty, the perpetrators should be sentenced as per the law (NSPE, 2003, pp. 1-2). The engineers involved should also be de-registered from the society for engineers for ‘staining’ the society and violating the rules they know very well. References Ammons, D. (2001). Assessing Municipal Performance. US: Sage. Fitzgerald, W. (2004). Building Fire Performance Analysis. New York: J. Wiley and Sons. Gagnon, R. M. (1998). Special Hazard Design. New York: Thomson Delmar. Gill, P. (1997). Factory Management and Maintenance. Michigan: McGraw Hill. National humanity of skilled engineers (NSPE). (2003). Code of Ethics for Engineers. Alexandria: NSPE. Newton, D. C. (1995). ‘The Ozone Dilemma’, The Columbia Encyclopedia. Columbia: Columbia University press.

Reflection On A Mentorship Role In Medicine

Reflection On A Mentorship Role In Medicine During this reflective piece of work I will discuss my role, responsibility and accountability as the students assessor and reflect on approaches that I have used within the mentorship role to support and facilitate the student to achieve specified learning outcomes. The ultimate goal of mentorship is for one individual to contribute to the professional development of another. (Lanser 2000) The NMC (2008) defines a mentor as a registrant who facilitates learning, supervises and assesses students in a practice setting. The student spends 50% theory and 50% in practice; practical training is an important and significant part of the nursing students education. I was informed that a third year nursing student would be attending my practice area a number of weeks before the placement start date, I used this to my advantage by contemplating about learning opportunities within the practice area. The NMC states that at least 40% of a students time at the placement should be spent with a mentor. Therefore the off duty had to be worked to reflect this, as now it is an NMC requirement for mentors to prioritise their workload to accommodate support of students. (NMC 2008) From my time as a student nurse the better placement experiences I had were when my mentor was well prepared and had thought about experiences that would enhance my learning. I feel that it is essential that from the first contact with the nursing student you are building an effective relationship. The ultimate goal of mentorship is for one individual to contribute to the professional development of another. Prior to the students start date it is important that the student has been contacted and informed of location, uniform, start time and name of allocated mentor. Fortunately my student contacted my workplace a couple of weeks before her placement began. I took this opportunity to introduce myself and went through a little of what to expect. Baumeister and Leary (1995) suggest that if students feel accepted secure, valued and respected that it motivates the students capacity to learn and instils confidence. I feel that this initial contact takes some of that first day anxiety away. The influence of the mentor on the student begins at first contacvt and forms the foundation upon which the mentor/student relationship will be based upon. The Nursing and midwifery council outlines eight domains of competency that a mentor must achieve in order to perform the role to an appropriate standard. These are: establishing effective relationships, Facillitation of learning, creating a learning environment, context of practice/ evidence based practice, assessment and accountability, leadership and evaluation of learning. On my student Sarahs first day I had allocated time to orientate and introduce her to the practice area. It is the mentors responsibility to establish an effective working relationship with the student and this starts with orientating and the setting of ground rules.(RCN 2007) Whilst going through the formal, professional, legal, national and local requirements I was conscious about making the orientation a positive experience. I introduced Sarah to the rest of the community nursing team. Levett-Jones, Lathlean, Higgins and Mcmillan() in their study discussed the students need to feel like they belonged as when students feel comfortable they engage with learning opportunities. I believe that the attitude and motivation of the mentor are crucial in creating a encouraging start to the placement experience. (cited in Beskine 2009) Reflecting on my experience as a student the negative aspects of work placements were not being supported by my mentor and feeling under valued and by remembe ring such experiences I feel that it influences how I am as a mentor. The benefit of working as a community staff nurse is that when a student is placed you work together on a one to one basis and have time to establish the student mentor relationship. Using this oppotunity to get an insight into her personality aswell as any concerns she has about the placement. Although it is good to achieve a good rapport with your student Wilkes (2006) advised caution during the social development of the relationship as the professional boundries need to be clear, as getting involved with the student socially or emotionally outside of work would influence your integrity when perfoming assessments. Also as a mentor you act as a role model and The Code(2008) requires a nurse to be of good character honest and trustworthy basing this on ones conduct behaviour and attitude. The NMC (2008) defines a mentor as someone who facilitates learning, supervises and assesses students in a practice setting. It also outlines that in order to do this effectively the mentor needs to have knowledge of the students stage of learning therefore selecting appropriate opportunities for that particular students learning needs. After orientation and Sarah shadowing me on a few visits I felt it was important to conduct the initial interview so we could discuss learning needs and opportunities in my particular area. Sarah had not had a previous community placement and didnt know what is available to learn therefore we had an informal discussion to identify the opportunities. During the initial interview I also established the students level of knowledge and expectations. I had noticed that Sarah was quite shy and was quite nervous. We looked through her portfolio from previous placements and she had passed each one. Also by reviewing the university requirements outlined in her portfolio I was able to see if Sarah was aware of her needs from this placement. My initial impression was that she may need more support than I had anticipated at her stage of learning. It appeared that she wasnt confident in her abilities. Sarah did express that she felt she would require support and guidance as the community setting was a completely new experience for her. Its also important to consider that studies have shown that placements can be very stressful for students especially in their first and third years of training.(Stuart 2007 cited in Beskine2009) Taking my concerns into consideration and Sarahs request we then created a learning contract, the goals set were based on mutually identified need. I decided that initially I would become as Berne(1961) described nurturing parent to Sarah to demonstrate boundries to ensure she felt safe. Until her confidence grew, then the relationship would be on an adult-adult basis on the same level for discussions and mutual expectations. Although fluctuations between different ego state as different circumstances arise throughout the mentor student relationship. In order to help Sarah I felt that by acting as an advocate would promote her confidence and self-esteem. (Neary 2000) To formulate an effective learning contract it has to have essential components as de scribed by Stuart (2007) learning objectives, the activities to facilitate these , strategies and resources for learning. As a registered health professional you have a responsibility to ensure the safety of the public. Therefore by mentoring pre-registration nurses you are accountable for ensuring students fulfil their learning outcomes for your practice area and develop practice competence. (NMC 2006) Assessing a students competence can become complicated by the mentors subjective view of what is competent? (Higgins and McCarthy 2005) Duffy (2003) concurs it is often easier to identify clear incompetence than those students borderline on achieving competence. Mentors need to address the issue of non-competence as soon as it is recognised. The study Duffy (2003) carried out found that mentors tended to give students the benefit of doubt. A view which has been highlighted in a recent survey in the Nursing Times (2010) which said 40% of mentors participating in the survey passed students as they could not provide sufficient evidence to back up their concerns. Before meeting with the student to discuss the issue it is important to collect evidence which has lead to your concerns about the students competence. Going through assessment documentation can help highlight if learning outcomes are achievable for that particular students ability. This evidence would be helpful for you to explore/understand reasons why the student is not achieving and early discussion can prompt students to consider their practice thus facilitating progress. (Duffy and Hardicre 2007) As the student doesnt seem to be aware of their limitations, for patient safety it is essential that you gently alert the student of their unconscious incompetence but if the motivation is there I would as a mentor be confident that they could develop competence. Feedback is a large part of assessment and progression and in this particular issue it is important to provide feedback so the student is aware that they are not meeting the required standard. An effective mentor should offer honest and constructive feedback to students (RCN 2007) Constructive feedback is objective and non-judgemental and should be based on specific observation to encourage discussion and allow future learning to take place. (Pearce 2004) It can be tempting to avoid giving negative feedback but performance cannot be improved without knowledge of what was wrong (Stuart 2006) Feedback to the student would be given in the form of the praise sandwich. NMC (2006) uses this form of feedback in its documents where it state that mentors should contribute to the evaluation of student learning and assessment experiences by proposing aspects for change as a result of evaluation. Mentors should remain positive and supportive also try to empathise with the student and how they will be feeling. A learning contract/action plan that is formulated collaboratively with the mentor and student can specify what the student will learn how it will be achieved and the time scale in which its success can be measured. (Nicklin and Kenworthy 2003) The RCN also advises regular meetings between the mentor and student to discuss progression and make adjustments to action plans based on the students learning. (RCN 2007) Ultimately the NMC in safeguarding the wellbeing of the public sets standards for pre-registration theory and practice competency and requires students to be fit for practice and purpose at the point of registration. (NMC 2008) Some of the learning outcomes were easy to facilitate with experiences that were available from a community placement but others not so easily accommodated. In order to address this we discussed other specialisms within the community neighbourhood team where she could spend time to achieve outcomes. In the initial interview with my student it was important to identify what stage of learning she was at and also determine her motivation to learning. Rogers (2002) suggests adults come to learning with intentions and that they have their own personal expectations of the learning process and hold personal reasons why they want to learn. After discussing mutual expectations from the placement it is essential to understand the students style of learning in order to best facilitate learning activities and opportunities and select appropriate learning strategies to integrate her learning practice and academic experience. Also to be effective learners students should also be aware of and understand their own learning style and manage their own learning. (Siviter 2004) There are various theories on learning styles, I chose to give my student a questionnaire based on the theory by Honey Mumford (2000). This model is broken down into four categories Activist, Reflector, Theorist and Pragmatist. The activist is open minded, enthusiastic and enjoys immersing themselves into new experiences. The characteristics of a reflector are cautious observers. Using all the information available to them to make conclusions. Theorists think things through in a logical manner and value rationally and objectivity. Finally pragmatist act quickly on ideas and are keen to put new techniques into practice. My student felt that she was a reflector and was motivated by understanding nursing processes in order to be able to work well and be a valuable team member. I felt that the strategy I would commence in order to meet the needs of a reflective learner would be facilitating experiential learning followed by reflective practice. Students benefit from action planning to assist them through the transitional period onto new placement areas by setting goals (Quinn Hughes 2007) A learning contract that is designed collaboratively by the mentor and student can specify what the student will learn, how it will be achieved and time span. (Nicklin Kenworthy 2003). Considering this we decided to match the nursing procedure to be trained with specific learning outcomes from the students portfolio and discussed in the initial interview process. Urinalysis was the skill that we focused on in this exercise. Therefore it was appropriate to teach this skill in the sluice area which was a quiet and spacious area where we wouldnt be disturbed. We discussed possible reasons why as a nurse you would take this test for example infection and as a reflective learner I felt that I should explain how her ability and knowledge of urinalysis would benefit her when working as a fully qualified nurse. We then went through the procedure showing all the clinical equipment needed and different ways in obtaining a sample. I tried to relate to practice to enable the student to take what she has learnt to future placement areas. In order for us to reflect on the task we went to a quiet office to avoid distraction. Studies have shown having quality time for reflection and one to one discussion with their mentor were very important to the student. Watson(2000) I felt that the student centred teaching strategy worked well with this particular student as she learnt best by doing and reflecting on the procedure afterwards rather than just being informed by others. Kolbs(1984) learning cycle describes four stages in the learning process from the experience to applying the new learnt information to similar situations, and therefore a component of reflective learning. NMC (2006) suggest that prioritised workload while you are mentoring giving you time to carry out the mentor role. I ensured that the allocated workload would enable me to have more time for effective listening and discussion. Also it gave us the opportunity to discuss events of the day and reflect and give feedback on a daily basis. The process of assessment I feel has to be continuous and developing with my student Sarah due to her lack of confidence I didnt want to increase any anxiety by making formal assessments of her practice. As the ENB/DOH( 2001)document that a mentor should observe a students achievement of a period of time to ensure validity in assessment. Having identified the learning that needed to take place from the university portfolio and personal development on the students part as discussed in the learning contract. The NMC (2007) clearly outlines the requirements for assessments of student nurses. The students performance should be assessed in practice with accountability resting with the mentor who is carrying out the assessment. It is important that a student is able to self assess, and after our discussion in the initial interview Sarah did identify that she needs more support to enhance her self-confidence, and due to this we incorporated this in our learning contact along with the learni ng outcomes in her portfolio. It is also important for a student with confidence issues to self assess as they will see that progression is being made in their learning, therefore gaining confidence.(chap. assessment of student practice from uni lib) A continuous assessment of the students practice is a more reliable tool as supervising/assessing the student on a day to day basis in a relaxed environment it is more likely to reflect the true ability of that student. (Stuart 2007) The NMC (2006) under the leadership domain specifies that mentors need to display leadership qualities within the practice environment. I feel that by planning series of learning opportunites for the student and prioritising workload to ensure time to support the student i have achieved this. Without planning or prioritising a busy workload it would inevitabley be to the detriment of the students experience. Interim interview is the first more formal assessment of the students abilities/progress so far. The learning outcomes/competences were discussed and documented at initial interview in the form of a learning contract. I ensured that we had time to discuss Sarahs progress and competences. Although Sarah has made progress with her self-confidence there is still areas to improve therefore a new action plan was formulated and mutually agreed. We clarified the area of weakness and advised how she would progress further and arranged for her to work with other assessors within the team so to ensure fairness. (Gopee 2008) Feedback is essential in the process of formative assessment Pryor (1998) highlighted the importance of feedback not only identifying what the student has learned but also what they may accomplish in future practice. ( cited in Gopee 2008) Feedback should when possible be given in private (RCN 2007) as this would prevent other people from listening to any discussion. There is also the potential for the audience effect (Quinn and Hughes 2007) where the student feels that everyone is watching or listening to the feedback in her performance. Feedback is most effective when given at the time or soon after and activity occurs. This ensures that the experience is still fresh in both mentor and students mind. Therefore the information discussed is more accurate and detailed making it more useful for the student. Not only is a mentor there for supervising and supporting the student it is advantageous to the student when giving detailed feedback it guides the to learn what is expected of them to improve that particular episode of nursing. My main concern was making Sarah feel comfortable when receiving feedback as within the interim interview there still remained things to improve on. I ensured that my body language was warm and open. Giving eye contact and smiling and nodding. It is important that when giving positive feedback she felt that I was honest and w hen discussing feedback on a more constructive basis she felt that I was self-assured in the information that I was imparting. We collaboratively devised an action plan for the last couple of weeks of placement. Involving Sarah enhancing her management skills and to gain confidence in her own decision making. The NMC (2004) state that prior to entry to the register pre-registration students should be able to manage the delivery if care with the scope of ones own responsibility. (cited DuffyMiddleton 20) To facilitate this I delegated the care of patients within a residential home, as working in community it isnt easy for the student to work independently without direct supervision due to visiting patients within their own homes. But in the residential home environment I was around but not directly supervising. At this stage in the placement I felt that Sarah had developed her confidence and that this experience would help in realising her own capabilities. As Sarah had now spent a couple of weeks within the practice environment and within the community nursing team she began to open up about previous experiences whilst on placement. She felt that not all of her relationships with her mentor has not been a positive experience. Darling (1984) did some research about the mentor/mentee relationship and creating the learning environment and those mentors who didnt create a positive environment he described as toxic mentors. Three different forms of the toxic mentor were dumpers, blockers and destroyers. The first of these describes those individuals who dump there students into experiences out of there depth. Blockers were those who didnt allow the student to partake in learning opportunities. Destroyers as the word describes, destroys a student confidence by undermining them and criticising without offering another possibility. Darling (1984) was also able to identify what the basic attributes that a mentor should possess, roles as an insp irer, investor and supporter. (cited in Pellatt 2006) Whilst discussing the subject with Sarah it became apparent that her confidence had been knocked by two negative mentor experiences in the past. As a girl who is quiet in nature was having trouble recovering from this. Refecting on my discussion with Sarah I came to realise the impact the mentor can have on the student and how detrimental this had been for Sarah. I was fortunate enough to be able to take part in all of Sarahs placement and therefore feel that spending time with my student put me in a better position to assess and be content with my evaluation on Sarahs ability. It enabled us to focus on areas were highlighted in the initial meeting. (Stuart 2006) Working in community one of the challenges as a mentor which you have little control over is the learning environment. Whilst for the interviews I was able to ensure we had a quiet room back at base. And reflective discussions took place in the car. The actual learning environment altered every visit to different homes. As Sarah hadnt had a community placement before I felt that I would inform her of problems that may arise. These included poor hygiene, living conditions but also discussed that we live within a culturally and socially diverse environment. The final interview is the only summative part of the assessment process as a mentor it is my job to reflect on the students abilities as a whole in my opinion and also draw on other team members experiences with my student. Therefore being an objective view, also by using the university portfolio as a guide to see if all learning outcomes have been completed. As a mentor I am aware of the accountability that I have when deciding if a student meets the required standard. Especially on a students last placement there can be no benefit of doubt as the pre-registered student will not have time to develop before registration occurs. Time was allocated at the end of the final meeting to ask the student how she had found her experience with me as a mentor . The role of the mentor is very important in the stage immediately prior to student nurses achieving registration is imperative in producing nurses who are fit for practice and purpose. (NMC 2004) The study carried out by Duffy and Middleton(20) concurred that a longer last placement gives students time to settle and become part of the team encouraging their confidence to grow. It enables the student to get their practical skills up to the required standard and also developing their management competences, an essential skill within the staff nurse role. Unfortunately it must be acknowledged that not all students will achieve the required outcomes to become competent and safe practitioners. Duffy (2005) stated that there has to be the recognition that some students need to fail. It is important to be aware as a mentor the assessments that we are taking is to safeguard professional standards, patients and the general public. During my time with my student it was essential that both Sarah and i recognised her lack of confidence and doing so early as possible interventions can be initiated within the work placement to achieve the required competences. As the mentor is accountable it is important that along with the professional standards and competences outlined, the NMC require that the registrants are of good health and character. Another aspect that the mentor is responsible for. Most teaching within the practice area does deal with all those aspects, the clinical skill itself and the interpersonal and management skills involved. The educational taxonomy considers that any learning topic has to be judged from three angles in relation to what the student has to learn. Those being psychomotor; the physical skills to conduct the duty. Cognitive; the understanding of the evidence base for the duty. Affective is the ability to conduct the duty with the appropriate communication and interpersonal skills. The assessment was mainly continuous in a formative basis and using the aids of learning contracts and facilitating achievement of the outcomes by allocating patients and tasks, liasing with professionals. On all the tasks I felt that my student Sarah had arrived with a lack of confidence but through the process of practice feedback and reflection and the support she was given from myself and the community nursing team all of the outcomes were achieved well. As a mentor it is my responsibility to identify and apply research and evidence based practice to my area of practice (NMC 2008) I think it is important that as a mentor you should assess your personal strengths and weaknesses as to me it is important that I gain confidence in my abilities as a nursing student mentor. Feedback from the student perspective on the practice area as a learning environment is advantageous as it is part of the ongoing evaluation of the learning environment. As it reviews the learning opportunities and audits the placement so to develop skills of the professionals within the team. Enabling the workforce to contribute in developing the profession for the next generation of nurses. (ENB/DOH 2001) Also these audits will highlight the practice areas where students are struggling to achieve and thus giving the University opportunity to address the concerns. The University have a responsibility to where possible ensure the placement has the necessary opportunites to facilitate adequate learning experiences to reflect the student experience. (RCN 2006) Action plans are defined as a must achieve device that identifies competences that need to be achieved by an identified date during the practice placement,non achievement of which would lead to a fail mark being awarded. (Gopee 2008) It is essential within any assessment that a mentor perfoms you are prepared, fair ,objective, honest timely and give effective feedback. All these componets ensures that evidence collected and documented within the students portfolio is a true objective illustration of the students competences and ability. Barriers that would affect the mentors role is documented by Gopee (2008) organisation, lack of resources, personality clashes attitude problems either student/mentor. As a mentor the main challenge in being able to perform mentor duties is that there is inadequate time to fulfil this role along with your clinical duties. Obviously on a day to day basis it is hard to forsee how your day may go as you never know what you will find when you open the door to each patient. But to minimalise this as much as possible I put my leadership and management skills into practice so that opportunites /experiences were planned to an extent and timetabled as much as we could with the nature of the profession. Therefore reassuring the student that I my motivation was that she got the best out of her experience within the community nursing team. By setting an action plan also helps promote underlying skills such as planning, scheduling, goal setting, negotiations and management. Skinners theory devised in1974 states that the environment is essential to any learning that takes place and if the environment is suitable then learning will occur as connections are formed from responses to stimuli and reinforcement of these occurs.(cited by Quinn 2000) As part of Sarahs action plan we discussed other resources available to her for example having practice days with other professionals within the neighbourhood teams. Nurses are expected to be able to validate their clinical decisions with research based evidence that results in care should be patient centred and clinically effective. (DOH 2000) Within the community some of the treatments we provide for example compression therapy for treatment of leg ulcers have a large evidence base for that treatment but also as a professional we also use the evience from patients living with these condtion and consider both those as evidence to provide a rational for certain decisions made about treatment. Fitzpatrick(2007) in her literature review found that opinions on what evidence based practice was depended on the perspective of the individual. Evidence can be sourced from experts, literature and views of patients. All assessment descisions must be evidence based. This is seen as crucial as the future of the profession, in both its integrity and knowledge are in the hands of students currently training to become registered nurses. (Hand 2006)

Nick’s Psychological Development in Ernest Hemingway’s In Our Time Es

Nick’s Psychological Development in Ernest Hemingway’s "In Our Time"   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Hemingway’s collection of short stories, In Our Time, we follow a character by the name of Nick Adams. We are introduced to Nick in â€Å"Indian Camp† as a young boy, and follow him to adulthood in both Parts I and II of â€Å"Big Two-Hearted River†. Through this we see Nick develop and learn about some major facts of life. Nick is a character who changes through the effects of war on many different levels. Although Hemingway hardly mentions the war, he uses the stories to express different effects and emotions caused by the war.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In â€Å"Indian Camp† we meet Nick as he joins his father to help a pregnant Indian woman in labor. Nick’s father, a doctor, brings him to experience this as a sort of initiation of life. His father wants him to learn about life and wants to teach his son about being a doctor. While doing this, Nick’s father is unconsciously presenting Nick with life while trying to shield him from death. When the Indian man commits suicide, Nick’s father does not want him to see it. A man who commits suicide lacks courage, and that is not something that Nick’s father wants him to learn. Nick’s father did not say much to him about this incident. This strong, silent masculinity reappears throughout these stories. When this happens, Nick’s behavior also changes. Nick quickly refers to his father as â€Å"daddy† instead of â€Å"dad† as he did earlier. He is looking for his father to fix what has happened and comfort him. This tragic incident scars Nick more than even his father understands. Witnessing suicide was too disturbing to Nick at his young age, thus restraining his psychological development. Reacting to this, at the end of the story â€Å"†¦ [Nick] felt quite sure that he would never die† (19). This makes it obvious that although Nick witnessed death first hand, that he still does not fully understand it. Hemingway is introducing the theme of masculinity in the story, and how Nick is going to struggle with this throughout his life. Nick’s father stormed into a typically female situation (giving birth) and turned it into a male-dominated environment. This introduces Nick to prefer a masculine life rather than a feminine life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the story â€Å"The Doctor and the Doctor’s Wife† we briefly see Nick’s family life. All three of the Adams are living in separate worlds. Nick’s mother is... ...h are the two hearts of the big river, making their battle bring them closer together rather than further apart. The reason the two can connect is because they are both male. Even after all that Nick has gone through, he still has not allowed females into his life. He still believes that there can be no unison with women in a masculine life. It is here when it is obvious that regardless of all that he has been through, Nick has still not completely accepted the way traditional society works. He has shut out civilization and has begun the end of his life in solitude.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hemingway used many different emotions in this book to describe what people go through during war. Nick Adams is a character who never really finds peace in society. Instead, he finds contentment in solitude. Had Nick let women into his life and taken a risk of getting hurt, then he might have not spent the rest of his life fishing alone. Nick made the decision that he did not want the domestic life that Marjorie wanted. Now he must spend his days reflecting on his life and the decisions that he made. Whether he is at peace with the decisions he made is questionable, but anything is better than being at war.

Witchcraft and the Inquisition of the Catholic Church Essay -- Essays

Witchcraft and the Inquisition of the Catholic Church Witchcraft. The word in itself evokes a certain kind of eeriness. In past centuries, people who were accused of being witches were thought of to be the worst kinds of people there are. There were several kinds of witches and several ways in which they operated. Whatever the reason, the Catholic Church saw witches, or those accused of being witches, as sinful. Partly to stop this kind of sin and other forms, the Inquisition of the Catholic Church was implemented. It is important to know what the factors leading up to the Inquisition included to fully understand its implementation. Once the history is reviewed it is easy to see how the Faith of the Church and the reason behind its thinking were hand-in-hand at the time, and also the way in which they seemingly conflict today. There are many factors leading up to the establishment of the Inquisition by the Catholic Church. One of the main factors is the beginning of the Middle Ages in Europe. A symbol of these emerging ages is Pope Gerbert of the year 1000. Although he was a Pope, he was learned in algebra, and because of his knowledge he was considered somewhat of a wizard. He once wrote to a friend in Italy asking for secular books written in Latin. He instructs the friend to make sure the books are "procured quietly." (Nickerson 12) . Nickerson feels that this makes Gerbert a symbol of his times because it is out of similar knowledge that the Medieval times arise. Around the same time, the Normans were conquering England, the Church begins to have a common purpose, and the First Crusade begins. Although the Church was secure in its universality, two groups, the Albigensians and Waldensians emerged, each with very di... ...ured endlessly. Finally, all people were allowed to believe what they wanted to believe. Faith and reason were in harmony. Bibliography Books James B. Given, Inquisition and Medieval Society; Power, Discipline, and Resistance in Languedoc. (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1997). Hoffman Nickerson, The Inquisition: A Political and Military Study of its Establishment. (Port Washington, NY.: Kennkiat Press, Inc., 1968). Mary Elizabeth Perry, and Anne J. Cruz, Cultural Encounters: The Impact of the Inquisition in Spain and the NewWorld. (Berkeley, CA.: University of California Press:, 1991). Albert C. Shannon, O.S.A., The Medieval Inquisition. (Collegeville, Minnesota: Liturgical Press, 1991). Internet Sources Hilgers, Joseph. "Index of Prohibited Books." The Catholic Encyclopedia.URL:

Eros Essay example -- essays research papers

In the Poem, EPƒÇƒÃÆ', by Robert Bridges, Eros is referred to as an  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Kidol of the human race ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨ with a perfect form and looks, however, he bears no expression on his face. On the other hand, in the poem, EROS, by Anne Stevenson, Eros is portrayed as a  ¡Ã‚ §thug ¡Ã‚ ¨ with a bruised and  ¡Ã‚ §patchy ¡Ã‚ ¨ appearance. I believe that although both authors are trying to convey the same message, they choose different ways to go about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem by Anne Stevenson, I believe that she is trying to show that while people, especially the narrator, were constantly asking for help and calling upon the gods, they were not thinking of others, but more so their own personal problems. When Eros first appears to the narrator, she is shocked and in disbelief of his appearance. Eros tells the woman that he has that form due to all of the feelings she and others have directed in his direction. He then tells the girl that since it is the gods that control the fate of man, they are the ones that take all of the blame for things not going well, and that is reflected upon their bodily form. I think that the author was trying to show that from the scorn of man, the gods were receiving these verbal beatings that resulted in physical marks, and to show the selflessness of the gods as well. This is done when Eros tells the girl that it is better for him to be all bruised than for her to not have love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, when comparing the work of Anne Stevenson ... Eros Essay example -- essays research papers In the Poem, EPƒÇƒÃÆ', by Robert Bridges, Eros is referred to as an  ¡Ã‚ §Ã‚ ¡Kidol of the human race ¡K ¡Ã‚ ¨ with a perfect form and looks, however, he bears no expression on his face. On the other hand, in the poem, EROS, by Anne Stevenson, Eros is portrayed as a  ¡Ã‚ §thug ¡Ã‚ ¨ with a bruised and  ¡Ã‚ §patchy ¡Ã‚ ¨ appearance. I believe that although both authors are trying to convey the same message, they choose different ways to go about it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the poem by Anne Stevenson, I believe that she is trying to show that while people, especially the narrator, were constantly asking for help and calling upon the gods, they were not thinking of others, but more so their own personal problems. When Eros first appears to the narrator, she is shocked and in disbelief of his appearance. Eros tells the woman that he has that form due to all of the feelings she and others have directed in his direction. He then tells the girl that since it is the gods that control the fate of man, they are the ones that take all of the blame for things not going well, and that is reflected upon their bodily form. I think that the author was trying to show that from the scorn of man, the gods were receiving these verbal beatings that resulted in physical marks, and to show the selflessness of the gods as well. This is done when Eros tells the girl that it is better for him to be all bruised than for her to not have love.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  However, when comparing the work of Anne Stevenson ...

A Case Of Operation Management At Lotus Cars Commerce Essay

Operation direction is a portion of mundane life that includes the most general undertakings of modus operandi to proper sphere specific undertakings. In instance of companies confronting certain critical bottle cervixs in the smooth and efficient working of an organisation it is better to hold some proper tools to turn to the same. The paper tries to analyze how a company can travel approximately bettering its Operation Management.About the Company-Lotus CarsThe company under survey is Lotus Cars which is a British maker of athleticss and rushing autos. The company is based out of Norflock, England. The company is into doing autos of light weight features. The company has been recently seen negative growing and slack in its net incomes.IntroductionScheme is define as the concentration of a company into its nucleus competences ( by agencies of its hereafter program of action ) in order to derive competitory advantage.Strategy TypesThere are four stairss of scheme that are present in context of a house and its environment. The grade to which each will impact a company ‘s fight will change depending ( netmba, 2010 ) Industrial degree scheme These are the schemes at the degree of the industry like certain authorities related regulations and ordinances. Corporate degree scheme In this instance the scheme happens at the market degree whereby companies look at the overall market conditions and competitory intelligence. Business degree scheme Many organisations are mark with diverseness ( many concerns ) . These Business degree schemes is concern with designation of the markets by which each of the many concerns compete with each other and the size of competition involved. Functional degree scheme aˆ? A company competes in several markets and therefore each map needs to develop a scheme appropriate to each of these markets. Functional schemes concern puting in and developing the necessary capablenesss to convey this about. ( thinkingmanagers, 2010 )Functional Level Strategies within the Context of a FirmA company competes in a figure of market and therefore each undertaking needs to develop a scheme suited to all of these markets. Functional schemes concern invest in and lifting the indispensable capablenesss to transport this about. Functional scheme should be aimed at looking towards deriving a concern stableness section wise or concern units wise. ( 1000ventures.com, 2010 ) As it turns out the corporate scheme is the result of the functional scheme. Thus the former ca n't be achieved without the later as it is the functional scheme that binds the assorted constituents of the corporate scheme.Components of the schemes of a houseDefinition of Operations directionOperation s Management is one of the concern maps that oversee the procedure of planning, forming, co-ordaniting and commanding the procedure that are used in the production of the goods and services. It is one of the direction maps of the organisation and involves the direction of the people procedure, engineering and equipment and many other resources of the organisation. It is one of the nucleus maps of every organisation. ( managementhelp.org, 2010 ) The major function of the operations direction is to change over the inputs of the organisation into the goods and services as per the demands of the client. ( ocw.kfupm.edu.sa, 2010 ) These inputs may be in the signifier of resources ( work force ) , works installation, the procedure ( such as the equipment and machinery ) or in the signifier of stuff ( such as the information and the engineering knowhow ) . The consequences of these inputs are in the signifier of goods and services. The below figure explains the major function that the operations direction dramas. ( gyte.edu.tr, 2010 ) Performance Information feedback Customer feedback Examples of assorted operations direction maps are the motion of the passangers with their baggage from one finish to another and in infirmaries with its resources in the signifier of physicians, nurses, wardboys, operation theatre, etc for transforming a ill individual into a healtier individual. Thus is the the function of the operations direction to pull off and command all the resources of an organisation. Operations direction involves all the procedure from the design to the construct stage in the life rhythm of a merchandise or services. Thus it helps in the designing of the merchandise, make up one's minding on the resource that are required to carry through that design, the routing of the natural stuff, the agenda production of the occupation, decising on the procedure that is to be applied to do the merchandise, make up one's minding on the machinery, the tols and the fixture that are to be required, make up one's minding the layout of the works thereby takin a determination on the installation where the merchandise has to be made, direction of the stock list of all the degrees of the goods produced ( natural stuff ; , work in pogress and the finished goods ) , determination on the reviews and the certification of the good made. Thus in a manner the function of operations direction is to supervise and do certain that all the procedure of the company are adhered to while executing a undertaking. It is the client feedback and the public presentation information that are used as an input by the operation direction section to continually set its inputs thereby thrying to alter the end product as per the demands. Therefore the whole of this transmutation procedure in the operations direction is a really dynamic procedure. It is besides the function of the operation direction to add value to the good and services during the transmutation procedure. Value add-on is the procedure of increasing the overall value of the merchandise ( at the end product phase ) d uring the transmutation procedure. ( from the natural stuff to the merchandise ) Thus the greater the value that hjas been adde more if the productiveness of the organisation. Besides operations direction besides looks at bettering the efficiency of an administration. Efficiency for an administration is to carry through all the procedure good and at the most executable cost. ( scribd.com, 2010 )Model for reflecting Operations scheme issues in corporate determinationsCorporate AimsSelling SchemeHow to merchandises measure up and win orders in the market topographic pointOperation StrategyProcedure ChoiceOperationSchemeInfrastructureGrowthSurvivalNet incomeReturn on invested capitalOther fiscal stepsMerchandise markets and sections Scope Mix Volumes Standardization Vs customization Degree of Invention Leader Vs follower options Monetary value Quality conformity Delivery Speed Dependability Demand additions Color scope Merchandise scope Design Brand image Technical support After-sales support Choice of alternate procedures Tradeoffs embodied in the procedure pick Role of stock list in the procedure constellation Make or purchase Capacity Size timing location Function support Manufacturing planning and control systems Quality confidence and control Manufacturing systems technology Clerical processs Compensation understandings Work structuring Organizational constructionThe procedure for Operations ManagementThe stairss to associate operations to marketing with corporate scheme development are first by specifying the corporate aims. Then the links are required between aims of concern and corporate scheme. Link provides the base for set up clear, strategic manner for a industry and demonstrates all the strategic consciousness and strategic motive necessary to concern accomplishment. Link defines the limitations and symbols the parametric quantity next to which the assorted inputs could be calculated and dependability established. ( mitsloan.mit.edu, 2010 ) The 2nd measure is to find selling schemes to run into these aims and associating them closely to the in agreement corporate aims. The stairss are Market readying and pull off units should to be recognized. Analysis of merchandise markets place mark markets and O.K.ing aims for each The 3rd measure is to reexamine how dissimilar goods run into the standards in their single markets and win orders against rivals.Order Winners and QualifiersDetermining the Order Winners and Qualifiers for a peculiar market Qualifiers are those standard that a company must run into for a clients to even see it as a possible provider. Be every bit good as rivals. Order Winners are those standards that win the order.Basic Characteristics of the Order Winners and QualifiersGeneral statements about markets embody imprecise significances. A requirement for sound corporate scheme development ( that is, understanding by all on what markets the company is and should be in and the features of those markets ) is losing. Again Order victors and qualifiers are both market and clip specific. Usually Companies must separate the degree of importance for single standards for each market. Order victors and qualifiers and their comparative weightings will alter over clip. In the bulk cases, differences exist between the standards needed to maintain gettable clients and those wanted to add to market portion or derive possible clients. ( Stevenson, 2008 ) The following measure is to set up the appropriate procedure of Operations Management to fabricate these merchandises ( procedure pick )Quality as a strategic toolThe strategic significance of excellence excellence has emerge in conditions of strategic importance because of two incorporate factors: – The figures and capableness of new entrants into markets. Lee and Schniederjans ( 1994 ) province: The lone necessary chiropteran for fiscal laterality today and in the twenty-first century is merchandise or service excellence. Very good or category quality provides an company with the lone insurance that it can contend fruitfully whether it is American, European, or Nipponese. 2. The greater sum of pick that clients have Rivalry is fierce in today ‘s concern universe and merchandise quality is going progressively recognized as the first premier concern in many purchase decision. There are legion good publicized instances in which intense competition has been the alteration agent obliging companies to follow more advanced quality systems and entire quality direction to better merchandise quality.Tools of Operations Management that could be used at Lotus CarsThe assorted tools that are effectual in instance of Operations direction areWorld Class JITThe purpose is to extinguish waste such as record so that no has to pay anything for them and give a fast, consistent and stretchable answer to clients ‘ demands at least cost and with minimal dependance on stock list. Now the accent is on working together with providers so that together they can happen ways of enabling providers to fulfill your demands for frequent little batch bringings without the demand for extra stock list.Cardinal Elementss of JITExposing cardinal jobs and so seting them right one time for all, so that they do n't maintain repeating ( in contrast of merely in instance ) Endeavoring for simpleness, because simple procedures are less likely to do jobs and are easier to set right when they do travel incorrect. Reducing fabrication throughput times, efficaciously by utilizing cell fabrication and put up decrease techniques. Bettering supplier public presentation to halt stuff jobs interfering with your ability to fulfill your clients ‘ demand. Bettering quality, because short lead times and lower stocks mean that you no longer have the protection against things traveling incorrect that you have been used to in the yesteryear. Bettering labour flexibleness through cross-training, so that you can exchange people between undertakings to get by with the mundane ups and downs in clients ‘ demands ( Jay H. Heizer, 2001 )Cell ManufacturingIt is the procedure of grouping of fabrication installations into a production cell, in order to bring forth a household of parts which require a similar sequence of procedures. In this manner companies can cut the distance parts have to go during the fabrication procedure to an absolute lower limit.Attacking WasteThe assorted wastes that the company should be looking frontward to cut down are Waste from over production Waste of waiting clip Transportation waste Processing waste Inventory waste Waste of gesture Waste from production defectsReducing Lead TimessReducing lead clip every bit much as 50 % can be really easy. The key is to understand what is go oning, what takes the clip and what causes things to travel incorrect.Entire Quality Management ( TQM )TQM is based on the construct that all the stakeholders of an organisation should work together to accomplish continual betterment in the organisation ‘s civilization, service, procedure and merchandises The overall aim of TQM is client satisfaction through quality merchandises and services. This in bend will take to more demand for merchandises thereby diminishing monetary value and increase hostel growing both for the company and its employees Six basic constructs in TQM Engagement of the direction as the whole construct of TQM is based on continual betterment procedure which requires everybody ‘s engagement Customer centric focal point by listening to them and supplying them with the merchandises and services as per their demands. Engagement of the employment of the company by authorising them with determination doing procedure and delegating them with more duty Increase the quality of the merchandise and services by continual betterment of the procedure A strategic provider partnership based on common apprehension and regard Estimate the public presentation in order to analyse the consequencesBusiness Procedure ReengineeringIt is the agencies of re-engineering the assorted procedure that are being followed in the company thereby increasing the efficiency of the procedure, cut downing the cost and bettering the quality of its end product ( goods and services ) The whole construct of concern rhenium technology is based on inquiring some of the basic questions- ‘ Why are certain procedure in some peculiar manner? ‘ Operations direction is the key to follow the procedure of concern re-engineering in an organisation.Supply concatenation ManagementSupply concatenation direction is the procedure pull offing the flow of the information and the stuff to and from the provider of the natural stuff to the concluding client of the merchandise. The chief aim of the supply concatenation is to do the overall procedure in the organisation more efficient and full cogent evidenceProblems with Operations Managem ent in Lotus CarsThe major jobs with Operations direction are two creases Operationss Executives feel they must: Exercise accomplishment and experience in efficaciously get bying with the exacting and changing demands placed on operations direction Reconcile the trade -offs inherent in these demands as best they can Rarely do they see as an built-in portion of their function the demand to lend suitably to corporate determinations that will impact the demands on operations direction and its ability to supply the necessary market support. How Companies see Operations Management ‘s Contribution Companies besides usually reenforce operations executives ‘ accent on the short term operational facets of operations direction. Companies develop directors within operations direction. ( C. Donald J. Waters, 1999 ) At present Lotus Cars follows the procedure of production which is more based on the Numberss of the autos to be produced ( based on the demand ) . Its providers are required to provide the natural stuff based strictly on the production predictor. But the procedure is able to present merely a certain portion of the cargo of the units on clip.Recommendations for Lotus CarsThe few recommendations that the direction of a company can look into when finding their Operationss direction scheme arePlaningOperationss direction should be treated as a portion of an basic hierarchal concern planning construction which assures a tantrum between developed end and events and those of bigger companies.ProactivenessThe aptitude of a company to anticipate new procedures and engineerings and to set into pattern long term plan to obtain capableness in progress of demandsPattern of actionsThe experiential downpour of determinations or events of a company over a age of clip in 9 classs: capacity, installa tions, procedure engineering, perpendicular integrating, production planning and control, quality systems, organisation, work force, and new merchandise development.Portfolio of operations direction capablenesssThe portfolio of developed capablenesss reflects spirited strengths obsessed by the developed intent and their comparative significance. Generic fabrication capablenesss include: quality, cost, flexibleness, innovativeness and bringing public presentation.Plan of bettermentThe set of structured, time-phased, and evaluated actions which are implemented to better the fabrication capableness of the house. Examples include entire quality direction, group engineering, just-in-time, etc. Program typically involve wide worker engagementPerformance measuringThe systemic agencies by which operation direction is evaluate. Good quality public presentation dimension strategies are allied with strategic company ends so that public presentation which furthers those ends is methodically unbreakable. The recommendation for betterments in Operations Management as per the assorted procedure involved in Lotus Cars are The company can travel in for alternate fabricating units thereby run intoing the existent demand. This will once more assist in the addition in the efficiency and the effectivity of the single units of production. The company can besides look frontward to maintain a safety stock which should once more be about 20 % -50 % of the demand thereby cut downing its chance loss. But this might take to an increased stock list keeping cost. To get the better of this company can travel for the economic order measure based on the lead clip. Again the lower stock list degrees of the plastic polymers ( which have a batch of provider ) can counterbalance for the high cost of the other natural stuff involved in the production of the autos.Supply ChainIn instance of Lotus Cars the supply concatenation plays an of import function in doing its procedure more robust and efficient. Thus it requires proper informations and information flow across the assorted constituents of the value concatenation. This may assist Lotus Cars achieve a streamlined supply web. The major constituents of the supply concatenation in instance of Lotus Cars are its production section ( providers ) , the marketing/sales section ( internal ) and the distributers ( stop merchandises ) . The key to effectual supply concatenation is to organize a strong linkage between these constituents of the value concatenation. In today ‘s universe it should be remembered that it is non the companies that are viing any longer by the supply concatenation that is viing. Thus a good supply web would enable Lotus Cars to cut down the lead clip, cut down cost, and increase the bringing clip and quality of the merchandises. Lotus Cars can make off with its other activities and dressed ore merely on its nucleus competence which is production of Quality autos. The other activities such as distribution and logistics should be outsourced to companies that are specialist in the field. ( Krajewski, 2005 ) . The other option in the instance of the Lotus Cars is to accomplish forward integrating of its supply concatenation by coaction or unifying with its distributer.Tables showcase the suggested country of betterment for Lotus CarsQualityHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations directionSituation at Lotus CarsQuality ManagementQuality is free It costs money to do quality Quality is controlled Quality is built inSQCQuality at the beginning is emphasized. Inspection at big Scoring, describing and measuring Credence sampling Statistical survey of fluctuations to understand causes Procedure controlTQCWorkers are on the topographic point problem taw Quality personal are responsible for quality jobsTQMPlaning oriented Control orientedStrategic quality directionFocused on broader systems, proactive to chances, large discoveries and little stairss Focused new merchandise development, reactive to jobs, large discoveries merely.Visually commandControl chart, poka-yoka Merely chartsPlant and equipmentHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations directionSituation at Lotus CarsGroup TechnologyHighly used Loath to utilizeAutomationValued as it facilitates consistent quality Valued as it drives labour out of the merchandiseHouse Keeping5 ‘s ( Seiri, Seiton, Seiso, Seketsu and Shitsuke ) are used. Relatively untidy and disorganised work topographic point.DisplaiesLight shows to foreground problem topographic point. Not usedTPMPrevention outlook Preventive care Regular. M/c dislocation and tool failure must be eliminated. Corrective outlook Breakdown care Merely after failure. M/c break down is non serious because of stock listProduction SystemHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations directionSituation at Lotus CarsManufacturing systemMake to order Kanban ( pull system ) Made to stock MRP ( push system )StandardizationCustomized end product Standardized end productSet upsLow set up clip High set up clipLayoutFlexible RigidMaterial Handling systemsFlow: usage of gravitation Less importantInventory SystemHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction` Situation at Lotus CarsWaste decreaseInventory is an evil. It hides jobs that should be allowed to come up. Every attempt must be extended to minimise stock list. Inventory is an plus. It makes production turn overing along. It protects against prognosis mistake, machine interruption down, and late bringings.QueuesOnce in gesture, ever in gesture. Production should be merely in clip, No waiting lines of WIPs WIP are needed to be certain that machine use stays high.Lot SizesKeep cut downing the batch size. The smallest measure is desired for both manufactured and purchased parts. Keep revising the optimal batch size based on some expressionsBuyingHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations direction Situation at Lotus CarsSmall batch buyinglittle LargeSupplier -buyer propinquityFrequent bringings Few bringingsSupplier choiceLong term Short termFew committed providersSingle beginning Multiple beginningComplimentary concernWork together to maximise the economic systems of carbon monoxide operation Reduce provider power, widen supply base, cut down purchaser power, widen client baseSupplier as interior decoratorLoose specifications, accent on public presentation Rigid specifications. Inventions are non encouragedMerchandise and PriceHow a company should see the procedure for effectual operations directionSituation at Lotus CarsMerchandise designInventions Imitations R & A ; D lacking: merchandise design depends upon what is available instead what the client demands Customer oriented merchandisePricing SchemeBelieve in long term additions, low borders ; sell high volumes at lower monetary value to do high net income. Strive for short term additions, sell at high monetary value to do high net income